貿

See also: 贸

貿	U+8CBF, 貿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CBF

← 貾
[U+8CBE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

賀 →
[U+8CC0]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

貿 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹月山金 (HHBUC), four-corner 7780₆, composition ⿱⿰𠂎刀貝)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1207, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36721
Dae Jaweon: page 1670, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3634, character 10
Unihan data for U+8CBF

Chinese edit

trad.		貿
simp.		贸
2nd round simp.		⿱𭕄贝
alternative forms		佨 (pa̍uh) Hokkien

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
卯	*mruːʔ
昴	*mruːʔ
泖	*mruːʔ
茆	mruːʔ, m·ruʔ
奅	*m̥ʰruːs
窌	m̥ʰruːs, m·ruː, *m·rus
聊	*m·rɯːw
貿	*mlus
鄮	*mlus
劉	*m·ru
留	m·ru, m·rus
蒥	*m·ru
鶹	*m·ru
騮	*m·ru
榴	*m·ru
瑠	*ru
瘤	m·ru, m·rus
遛	*m·ru
鎦	*m·ru
飀	*m·ru
鰡	*m·ru
嵧	*m·ru
餾	m·ru, m·rus
瀏	m·ru, m·ruʔ
懰	m·ru, m·ruʔ
柳	*m·ruʔ
珋	*m·ruʔ
罶	*m·ruʔ
嬼	m·ruʔ, m·rus
溜	*m·rus
霤	*m·rus
廇	*m·rus
塯	*m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlus) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mào (mao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mau⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): meu / méu
Eastern Min (BUC): mâiu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bō͘ / mō͘ / biō / bāu / ba̍uh / pa̍uh

(Teochew, Peng'im): mou³ / mong³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶meu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mào
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mào
  - Wade–Giles: mao⁴
  - Yale: màu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
  - Palladius: мао (mao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mau⁶
  - Yale: mauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: meo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu / méu
  - Hakka Romanization System: meu / meu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: meu⁴ / meu³
  - Sinological IPA: /meu̯⁵⁵/, /meu̯³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mâiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑu²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘
  - Tâi-lô: bōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bo
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘
  - Tâi-lô: mōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biō
  - Tâi-lô: biō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bioi
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bio⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāu
  - Tâi-lô: bāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bau²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bau³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍uh
  - Tâi-lô: ba̍uh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bauh
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bauʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bauʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍uh
  - Tâi-lô: pa̍uh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pauh
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pauʔ²⁴/

Note:

bō͘/mō͘/biō - literary;
bāu/ba̍uh/pa̍uh - vernacular (“to undertake”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: mou³ / mong³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mòu / mòng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou²¹³/, /moŋ²¹³/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶meu
  - MiniDict: meu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³meu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²³/

Middle Chinese: muwH

Rime
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫候切
Baxter	muwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/məu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/məu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məw^H/
Li Rong	/mu^H/
Wang Li	/məu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mru-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mlus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mào
Middle Chinese	‹ muw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mru-s/
English	barter (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
No.	8879
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	茂
Old Chinese	/*mlus/

Definitions edit

貿

commerce; trade; barter
mixed
rashly
(Hokkien) to undertake (a job, project, etc.)

Compounds edit

References edit

“Entry #9069”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

貿

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Go-on: む (mu); も (mo)
Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
Kun: あきなう (akinau, 貿う)^{←あきなふ (akinafu, 貿ふ, historical)}; かえる (kaeru, 貿える)

Compounds edit

貿(ぼう)易(えき)摩(ま)擦(さつ) (bōeki masatsu)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

貿 (eumhun 무역 할 무 (muyeokhal mu))

Hanja form^? of 무 (“trade, barter”).
Hanja form^? of 무 (“mixed”).
Hanja form^? of 무 (“rashly”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

貿: Hán Nôm readings: mậu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.