跪

跪	U+8DEA, 跪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8DEA

Translingual edit

Han character edit

跪 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口一弓一山 (RMNMU), four-corner 6711₂, composition ⿰𧾷危)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1225, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37516
Dae Jaweon: page 1696, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3704, character 3
Unihan data for U+8DEA

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		跪

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (危) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鮠	*ŋuːl
峞	ŋuːl, ŋuːlʔ
頠	ŋuːlʔ, ŋrolʔ
詭	*krolʔ
垝	krolʔ, krols
陒	*krolʔ
觤	*krolʔ
恑	*krolʔ
蛫	*krolʔ
祪	*krolʔ
洈	krolʔ, ŋrol
姽	krolʔ, ŋrolʔ
桅	*krolʔ
佹	*krolʔ
跪	kʰrolʔ, ɡrolʔ
危	*ŋrol
峗	*ŋrol
硊	*ŋrolʔ
卼	*kʰruls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol).

Etymology edit

Perhaps connected with Proto-Vietic *t-kuːlʔ (> Vietnamese gối (“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compare English kneel. Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“bend; curved; lap; bosom”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guì (gui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwai⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gei⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): kui³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khúi

(Meixian, Guangdong): kui³
Jin (Wiktionary): kui³
Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̄
Eastern Min (BUC): gôi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kǔi / kūi

(Teochew, Peng'im): guin⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶jiu; ⁶gue
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuei³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
  - Wade–Giles: kuei⁴
  - Yale: gwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
  - Palladius: гуй (guj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwai⁶
  - Yale: gwaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: guei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: kui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khúi
  - Hakka Romanization System: kui`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kui³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kui³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰuɪ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: kui³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxuei⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔi
  - Tâi-lô: kuǐ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kui²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūi
  - Tâi-lô: kuī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kui
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kui²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guin⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũĩ³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶jiu; ⁶gue
  - MiniDict: jiu^去; gue^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjy; ³gue
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑy²³/, /ɡue²³/

Note:

3jjy - colloquial;
3gue - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: kuei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: khjweX, gjweX

Rime
Character	跪	跪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	支 (14)	支 (14)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	去委切	渠委切
Baxter	khjweX	gjweX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiuᴇ^X/	/ɡˠiuᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷᵚiɛ^X/	/ɡʷᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɛ^X/	/ɡiuɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰjwiə̆^X/	/gjwiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/kʰjue^X/	/ɡjue^X/
Wang Li	/kʰǐwe^X/	/ɡǐwe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰwie̯^X/	/gwie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuǐ	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fai²	gwai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[g](r)ojʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰrolʔ/, /*ɡrolʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	跪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ gjwe^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[g](r)ojʔ/
English	kneel; foot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	跪	跪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12779	12780
Phonetic component	危	危
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	跪	跪
Old Chinese	/*kʰrolʔ/	/*ɡrolʔ/

Definitions edit

跪

to kneel
^† foot
- 蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴無可寄託者，用心躁也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Xiè liù guì ér èr áo, fēi shé shàn zhī xué wú kě jìtuō zhě, yòngxīn zào yě. [Pinyin]
  The crab has six feet and two pincers, yet without the dens of snakes and eels, it has no place to take shelter. This is because its mind is impatient.
(figuratively) to kowtow; to show obedience to