運

See also: 运 and 連

運	U+904B, 運 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-904B

← 遊
[U+904A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

遌 →
[U+904C]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

運 (radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜月十十 (YBJJ), four-corner 3730₄, composition ⿺辶軍)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1261, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38998
Dae Jaweon: page 1752, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3866, character 1
Unihan data for U+904B

ChineseEdit

trad.		運
simp.		运^*

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 運
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
揮	*qʰul
輝	*qʰul
翬	*qʰul
暉	*qʰul
煇	qʰul, ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
楎	qʰul, ɡuːn
瀈	*qʰul
韗	qʰons, ɢuns
褌	*kuːn
鶤	kuːn, ɢuns
緷	kuːnʔ, ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns
睴	kuːns, ɡuːnʔ
璭	*kuːns
瘒	*ŋɡuːn
顐	ŋɡuːn, ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn
諢	*ŋɡuːns
餫	ɡuːn, ɢuns
渾	ɡuːn, ɡuːnʔ
琿	*ɡuːn
鼲	*ɡuːn
堚	*ɡuːn
鯶	*ɡuːnʔ
軍	*kun
皸	kun, kuns
齳	*ŋɡunʔ
喗	*ŋɡunʔ
葷	*qʰun
惲	*qunʔ
賱	*qunʔ
運	*ɢuns
暈	*ɢuns
鄆	*ɢuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢuns): semantic 辵 (“motion”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

EtymologyEdit

STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wal (“round; circular”), which is also connected to the following:

圓 (OC *ɢon, “round”)
圜 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “round”)
旋 (OC *sɢʷans, “to revolve; to return”)
環 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “ring”)
還 (OC *ɡʷraːn, “to return”)
院 (OC *ɦŋons, “courtyard”).

暈 (OC *ɢuns, “halo”) is the same word (Schuessler, 2007). It is possibly related to 雲 (OC *ɢun, “cloud”) (ibid.).

Additionally, Karlgren (1933) relates it to 圍 (OC *ɢʷɯl, “to surround”), and Wang (1982) to 回 (OC *ɡuːl, “to return”).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yùn (yun⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): yn⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yun

(Meixian, Guangdong): yun⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): yng³
Min Dong (BUC): ông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ūn

(Teochew, Peng'im): ung⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): hhyn (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄣˋ
  - Wade–Giles: yün⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yunn
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yùn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁶
  - Yale: wahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: yn⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun
  - Hakka Romanization System: iun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯un⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yun
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /iun⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: yng³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ỹŋ⁴⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ouŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūn
  - Tâi-lô: ūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: un
  - IPA (Xiamen): /un²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /un⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /un²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /un³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /un³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ung⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ūng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uŋ¹¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhyn (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦʏɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦɨun^H/

Rime
Character	運
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	王問切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɨun^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦiun^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦun^H/
Li Rong	/ɣiuən^H/
Wang Li	/ɣĭuən^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yùn

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷər-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢuns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	運
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yùn
Middle Chinese	‹ hjun^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷər-s/
English	turn round, move
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	運
Reading #	1/1
No.	7341
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	運
Old Chinese	/*ɢuns/

DefinitionsEdit

運

to move; to revolve
to transport; to carry; to ship
從臺灣運過嚟嘅 [Cantonese, trad.]
从台湾运过嚟嘅 [Cantonese, simp.]
cung⁴ toi⁴ waan¹ wan⁶ gwo³ lai⁴ ge³ [Jyutping]
transported here from Taiwan
to use; to utilize
fortune; luck; fate
A surname.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 運

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (運):

→ Japanese: 運(うん) (un)
→ Korean: 운 (運, un)
→ Vietnamese: vận (運)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

運

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

to drive
to manage, to run
to ship, to transport
luck, fortune

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: うん (un, Jōyō)
Kan-on: うん (un, Jōyō)
Kun: はこぶ (hakobu, 運ぶ, Jōyō); めぐる (meguru, 運る); めぐらす (megurasu)

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
運
うん Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 運 (MC ɦɨun^H).

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi

(Tokyo) うん [úꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟̃ᵝɴ]

NounEdit

運(うん) • (un)

luck, fortune
運(うん)がいい人(ひと)
un ga ii hito
a person who has good luck

AffixEdit

運(うん) • (un)

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

ReferencesEdit

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

運 (eumhun 옮길 운 (omgil un))

Hanja form^? of 운 (“to move, to shift, to transfer”).

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

運: Hán Nôm readings: vận, nảy, vần, vẩn, vặn, vờn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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