See also:
U+934B, 鍋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-934B

[U+934A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+934C]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 167, +9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金月月口 (CBBR), four-corner 87127, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1313, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+934B

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𩰭
𢧘

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kloːl) : semantic (metal) + phonetic (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Etymology 1

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Area word; compare Proto-Palaungic *kʔɔɔl (cooking pot), Malay kuali (cooking pot) (Schuessler, 2007).

For the sense “blame; fault”, it is a clipping of 黑鍋黑锅 (hēiguō).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • e/er/oe - vernacular;
  • ko/o - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kuo⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuo⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuo²¹/
Jinan /kuə²¹³/
Qingdao /kuə²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuo²⁴/
Xi'an /kuo²¹/
Xining /ku⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuə⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuə³¹/
Ürümqi /kuɤ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuo⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ko⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ko⁵⁵/
Kunming /ko⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ko³¹/
Hefei /kʊ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuɤ¹¹/
Pingyao /kuei¹³/
Hohhot /kuɤ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ku⁵³/
Suzhou /kəu⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ku³³/
Wenzhou /ku³³/
Hui Shexian /ko³¹/
Tunxi /o¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ko³³/
Xiangtan /ko³³/
Gan Nanchang /uo⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ko⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɔ⁵⁵/
Nanning /kɔ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /wɔ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ko⁵⁵/
/e⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuo⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ua⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ue³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ko²³/
/ʔdia²¹³/ 訓鼎

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter kwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwa/
Li
Rong
/kuɑ/
Wang
Li
/kuɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guō
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwo1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4364
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kloːl/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. cooking pot; pan; wok (Classifier: ; )
  2. (Mainland China, neologism) blame; fault
      ―  wǒ de guō  ―  mea culpa; my bad
      ―  shuǎi guō  ―  to deflect blame; to deny responsibility
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“sickle”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ka)
  • Kan-on: (ka)
  • Kun: なべ (nabe, , Jōyō)

Etymology

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: traditional nabe (both the pot and the food)
 
土鍋 (donabe): traditional earthenware nabe
 
中華鍋 (chūka nabe): "Chinese nabe", a.k.a. wok
 
タジン (tajin nabe): a Moroccan tajine
 
火鍋 (hinabe): a fondue pot
 
スープ (sūpu nabe): a soup pot or stockpot
Kanji in this term
なべ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

⟨nabe2 → */naⁿbe//nabe/

From Old Japanese,[1] first cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2] In turn, reconstructed as Proto-Japonic *nanpay.

Originally a compound of Old Japanese elements (na, small snack, hors d'oeuvre) +‎ (pe, modern he, “a pot or pan for holding food or beverages”).[1][2][3][4][5][6] The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(なべ) (nabe

  1. [from 720] a broad-bottomed pot or pan
    This term is less specific than English pot or pan, and can often be used to refer to either of these. The sample images in this entry illustrate some of the various items that can be called a nabe in Japanese.
  2. [from 1885] short for 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri, literally pot + cooking) or 鍋物 (nabemono, literally pot + thing), a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe; compare English hot pot or hotdish
    鍋料理 (nabe ryōri)
    鍋物 (nabemono)
  3. [from 1780] by extension from the sense of someone working with pots and pans: a maidservant
    御鍋 (onabe)
  4. [1807–??] (historical, slang) by further extension from the sense of maidservant: a woman (in reference to sex)
  5. [1842–1860s] (historical, slang, archaic) during the late Edo period, a 搗米屋 (tsukigomeya, rice polisher shop, white rice retailer) who has run out of stock
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Descendants

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  • Indonesian: nabe
  • Korean: 냄비 (naembi, “pan, saucepan; pot”)
  • Sakizaya: nabi

See also

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 531
  2. 2.0 2.1 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. 6.0 6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(gwa) (hangeul , revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: oa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.