鍋
|
Translingual
editHan character
edit鍋 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金月月口 (CBBR), four-corner 87127, composition ⿰釒咼)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1313, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40603
- Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4220, character 6
- Unihan data for U+934B
Chinese
edittrad. | 鍋 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 锅 | |
alternative forms | 鈛 𩰭 𢧘 |
Glyph origin
editOld Chinese | |
---|---|
碢 | *l'oːl |
腡 | *ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl |
過 | *kloːl, *kloːls |
渦 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
鍋 | *kloːl |
楇 | *kloːl, *ɡloːls |
瘑 | *kloːl |
緺 | *koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
堝 | *kloːl |
濄 | *kloːl, *qloːl |
鐹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls |
薖 | *kʰloːl |
簻 | *kʰloːl, *kr'oːl |
禍 | *ɡloːlʔ |
窩 | *qloːl |
萵 | *qloːl |
檛 | *kr'oːl |
膼 | *kr'oːl |
蝸 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
媧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
騧 | *kroːl, *kʷroːl |
冎 | *kroːlʔ |
剮 | *kroːlʔ |
諣 | *qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls |
歄 | *kʷroːl |
咼 | *kʰʷroːl |
喎 | *kʰʷroːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kloːl) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).
Etymology 1
editArea word; compare Proto-Palaungic *kʔɔɔl (“cooking pot”), Malay kuali (“cooking pot”) (Schuessler, 2007).
For the sense “blame; fault”, it is a clipping of 黑鍋/黑锅 (hēiguō).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): uo1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gue1
- Northern Min (KCR): uá
- Eastern Min (BUC): guŏ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ku
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): go1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guo
- Wade–Giles: kuo1
- Yale: gwō
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
- Palladius: го (go)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: go1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
- Sinological IPA (key): /ko⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wo1
- Yale: wō
- Cantonese Pinyin: wo1
- Guangdong Romanization: wo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɔː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: vo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /vᵘɔ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: uo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /uo⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kô
- Hakka Romanization System: goˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: go1
- Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gue1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuɤ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uá
- Sinological IPA (key): /ua⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guŏ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuo⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e
- Tâi-lô: e
- Phofsit Daibuun: ef
- IPA (Philippines): /e³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /e⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oe
- Tâi-lô: ue
- Phofsit Daibuun: oef
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Singapore): /ue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu, Philippines)
- e/er/oe - vernacular;
- ko/o - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 鍋 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kuo⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kuo⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kuo²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kuə²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kuə²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kuo²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kuo²¹/ | |
Xining | /ku⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kuə⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kuə³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kuɤ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /kuo⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ko⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /ko⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ko⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ko³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kʊ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kuɤ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kuei¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kuɤ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ku⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /kəu⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ku³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ku³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ko³¹/ |
Tunxi | /o¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ko³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ko³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /uo⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ko⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wɔ⁵⁵/ |
Nanning | /kɔ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /wɔ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ko⁵⁵/ /e⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kuo⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ua⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /ue³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ko²³/ /ʔdia²¹³/ 訓鼎 |
- Middle Chinese: kwa
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kloːl/
Definitions
edit鍋
- cooking pot; pan; wok (Classifier: 隻/只; 口)
- (Mainland China, neologism) blame; fault
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 一品鍋/一品锅
- 一鍋煮/一锅煮
- 一鍋粥/一锅粥 (yīguōzhōu)
- 一鍋麵/一锅面
- 下油鍋/下油锅
- 下鍋/下锅 (xiàguō)
- 二鍋頭/二锅头 (èrguōtóu)
- 冷灶清鍋/冷灶清锅
- 吃大鍋飯/吃大锅饭 (chī dàguōfàn)
- 吃火鍋/吃火锅 (chī huǒguō)
- 吃舊鍋粥/吃旧锅粥
- 回鍋/回锅 (huíguō)
- 埋鍋造飯/埋锅造饭 (mái guō zàofàn)
- 壓力鍋/压力锅 (yālìguō)
- 大鍋/大锅 (dàguō)
- 大鍋菜/大锅菜
- 大鍋飯/大锅饭 (dàguōfàn)
- 小鍋菜/小锅菜
- 帥鍋/帅锅 (shuàiguō)
- 平底鍋/平底锅 (píngdǐguō)
- 快鍋/快锅 (kuàiguō)
- 打破沙鍋/打破沙锅
- 打鍋/打锅
- 扣黑鍋/扣黑锅
- 抱砂鍋/抱砂锅
- 抱鍋/抱锅
- 揭不開鍋/揭不开锅
- 揹黑鍋/背黑锅 (bēi hēiguō)
- 撩鍋/撩锅
- 暖盪撩鍋/暖荡撩锅
- 暖鍋/暖锅
- 杯鍋/杯锅
- 架鍋山/架锅山 (Jiàguōshān)
- 氣鍋/气锅
- 沙鍋/沙锅 (shāguō)
- 汽鍋/汽锅
- 油鍋/油锅 (yóuguō)
- 涮鍋子/涮锅子 (shuàn guōzi)
- 湯鍋/汤锅 (tāngguō)
- 火鍋/火锅 (huǒguō)
- 炕上安鍋/炕上安锅
- 煙袋鍋子/烟袋锅子
- 煙鍋/烟锅 (yānguō)
- 蒸鍋/蒸锅 (zhēngguō)
- 燜燒鍋/焖烧锅
- 燉鍋/炖锅 (dùnguō)
- 燒鍋/烧锅
- 甕子鍋/瓮子锅 (wèngzǐguō)
- 甩鍋/甩锅 (shuǎiguō)
- 矇著鍋兒/蒙著锅儿
- 石頭火鍋/石头火锅
- 砂鍋/砂锅 (shāguō)
- 砸鍋/砸锅 (záguō)
- 砸鍋賣鐵/砸锅卖铁 (záguōmàitiě)
- 等米下鍋/等米下锅
- 絮鍋兒/絮锅儿
- 羅鍋/罗锅
- 羅鍋橋/罗锅桥
- 背黑鍋/背黑锅 (bēi hēiguō)
- 腰鍋/腰锅
- 蓋火鍋/盖火锅 (gài huǒguō)
- 連鍋端/连锅端
- 鍋伙
- 鍋叫門開/锅叫门开
- 鍋圈兒/锅圈儿
- 鍋垢/锅垢
- 鍋子/锅子 (guōzi)
- 鍋巴/锅巴 (guōbā)
- 鍋渣/锅渣
- 鍋煙/锅烟
- 鍋煙子/锅烟子 (guōyānzi)
- 鍋爐/锅炉 (guōlú)
- 鍋盔/锅盔 (guōkuī)
- 鍋碗瓢盆/锅碗瓢盆 (guōwǎnpiáopén)
- 鍋臍灰/锅脐灰
- 鍋臺/锅台 (guōtái)
- 鍋莊/锅庄 (guōzhuāng)
- 鍋蓋/锅盖 (guōgài)
- 鍋貼/锅贴 (guōtiē)
- 鍋鏟/锅铲 (guōchǎn)
- 鍋門/锅门
- 鍋餅/锅饼
- 鐵鍋/铁锅 (tiěguō)
- 鑼鍋/锣锅
- 鑼鍋子/锣锅子
- 雙頭汽鍋/双头汽锅
- 電子鍋/电子锅
- 電暖鍋/电暖锅
- 電鍋/电锅 (diànguō)
- 電飯鍋/电饭锅 (diànfànguō)
- 飯鍋/饭锅 (fànguō)
- 高壓鍋/高压锅 (gāoyāguō)
- 麻辣火鍋/麻辣火锅
- 黑鍋/黑锅 (hēiguō)
Etymology 2
editFor pronunciation and definitions of 鍋 – see 鐹 (“sickle”). (This character is a variant form of 鐹). |
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
鍋 |
なべ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
⟨nabe2⟩ → */naⁿbe/ → /nabe/
From Old Japanese,[1] first cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2] In turn, reconstructed as Proto-Japonic *nanpay.
Originally a compound of Old Japanese elements 肴 (na, “small snack, hors d'oeuvre”) + 瓮 (pe, modern he, “a pot or pan for holding food or beverages”).[1][2][3][4][5][6] The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- [from 720] a broad-bottomed pot or pan
- [from 1885] short for 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri, literally “pot + cooking”) or 鍋物 (nabemono, literally “pot + thing”), a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe; compare English hot pot or hotdish
- [from 1780] by extension from the sense of someone working with pots and pans: a maidservant
- ⇒ 御鍋 (onabe)
- [1807–??] (historical, slang) by further extension from the sense of maidservant: a woman (in reference to sex)
- [1842–1860s] (historical, slang, archaic) during the late Edo period, a 搗米屋 (tsukigomeya, “rice polisher shop, white rice retailer”) who has run out of stock
Related terms
edit- 釜 (kama): a big pot, a kettle or boiler
- 御釜 (okama): a maidservant; (slang) one's butt; (slang) a gay man
- 御鍋 (onabe): a maidservant; nightwork; (slang) a lesbian
Descendants
editSee also
edit- 鍋 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ja
- nabe on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 531
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “鍋”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “鍋”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
editHanja
edit鍋 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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- ja:Cookware and bakeware
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