鏟

See also: 剗, 剷, and 铲

鏟	U+93DF, 鏟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93DF

← 鏞
[U+93DE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鏠 →
[U+93E0]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

鏟 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜竹一 (CYHM) or 金卜大一 (CYKM), four-corner 8011₅, composition ⿰釒産(GV) or ⿰釒產(HTJK))

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1320, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40810
Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4251, character 2
Unihan data for U+93DF

Chinese edit

trad.		鏟/剷^*
simp.		铲^*
alternative forms		𨪑 historical form 𨲨 historical form 𩮲 historical form 𠚿 historical form 𱐙 early simplified form

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (彦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
喭	ŋaːns, ŋrans
鏟	sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, sŋ̊ʰraːns
産	*sŋreːnʔ
簅	*sreːnʔ
摌	*sreːnʔ
嵼	*sŋreːnʔ
滻	*sŋreːnʔ
顏	*ŋraːn
楌	*ŋraːn
偐	*ŋraːns
齴	*ŋranʔ
遃	*ŋranʔ
嵃	*ŋranʔ
彦	*ŋrans
諺	*ŋrans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns) : semantic 金 + phonetic 產 (OC *sŋreːnʔ).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chǎn (chan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cuan³
Cantonese (Jyutping): caan²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhán

(Meixian, Guangdong): can³
Northern Min (KCR): chǔing
Eastern Min (BUC): tē̤
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhán / sán / chhián
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵tshe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chǎn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻan³
  - Yale: chǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaan
  - Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cuan³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cuan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: caan²
  - Yale: cháan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan²
  - Guangdong Romanization: can²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhán
  - Hakka Romanization System: can`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: can³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: can³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan³¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǔing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tē̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰœ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhán
  - Tâi-lô: tshán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zharn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰan⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰan⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sán
  - Tâi-lô: sán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sarn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /san⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /san⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhián
  - Tâi-lô: tshián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiern
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

Quanzhou:
- chhán - literary;
- chhián - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshe
  - MiniDict: tshe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰe³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsrheanX, tsrhaenH

Rime
Character	鏟	鏟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	初限切	初鴈切
Baxter	tsrheanX	tsrhaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠɛn^X/	/t͡ʃʰˠan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæn^X/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰæn^X/	/t͡ʃʰɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰəɨn^X/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰɛn^X/	/t͡ʃʰan^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰæn^X/	/t͡ʃʰan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰăn^X/	/ʈ͡ʂʰan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǎn	chàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caan²	caan³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ/, /*sŋ̊ʰraːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鏟	鏟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	14398	14404
Phonetic component	彦	彦
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	剗	鏟
Old Chinese	/*sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ/	/*sŋ̊ʰraːns/

Definitions edit

鏟

spade; shovel; scoop
to shovel; to level off
to root out; to destroy
(Hong Kong Cantonese) to delete (data on a computer or other device)
剷咗個 app／铲咗个 app [Cantonese] ― caan² zo² go³ app [Jyutping] ― to delete the app

Usage notes edit

The traditional form 剷 is usually reserved for the verb sense.

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 鏟子 (“shovel; spade”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鍤
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鏟子, 鐵鍬
Mandarin	Jinan	鏟子
	Luoyang	鏟子
	Wuhan	鏟子
	Chengdu	鏟鏟
	Guiyang	鏟鏟
	Liuzhou	鐵鏟
	Yangzhou	鏟子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鐵鏟
Cantonese	Dongguan	鐵鏟
Gan	Nanchang	鏟子
Gan	Lichuan	鏟子
Hakka	Meixian	鐵鏟
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	砂撩
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	撩鏟, 圓筆, 砂撩
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	砂撩
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	砂撩
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	砂撩
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鉛筆
Jin	Taiyuan	鏟子
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鏟
Southern Min	Xiamen	拓仔, 鎙仔
	Zhangzhou	拓仔, 塗挑
	Taipei	沙挑, 尖挑
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	沙挑
	Kaohsiung	鉛筆
	Yilan	沙挑
	Changhua (Lukang)	鉛筆仔
	Taichung	塗鍤
	Tainan	塗挑
	Hsinchu	沙挑
	Kinmen	拓仔, 鎙
	Penghu (Magong)	拓仔
	Shantou	鐵鏟
	Haikou	鐵鏟, 鏟
Wu	Danyang	鏟子
Xiang	Changsha	鏟子, 洋鏟
Xiang	Loudi	鏟子

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

鏟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): さん (san); せん (sen)
Kun: いたがね (itagane)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

鏟 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

鏟: Hán Việt readings: sạn^[1]^[2], sản^[3]^[4]
鏟: Nôm readings: sản^[3], san^[3], sán^[5], xẻng^[3], sám

chữ Hán form of sạn (“shovel”).
Nôm form of xẻng (“shovel”).

References edit

[hvttd-1] Nguyễn (1974).

[tchvtd-2] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Trần (2004).

[tvctdhv-4] Trần (1999).

[btcn-5] Hồ (1976).

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[2]

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