閑
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
閑 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓木 (AND), four-corner 77904, composition ⿵門木)
Derived characters edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1332, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41247
- Dae Jaweon: page 1837, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4287, character 3
- Unihan data for U+9591
Chinese edit
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 閑 | |
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意): 門 (“door”) + 木 (“wood”) – a fence.
Etymology 1 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 閑 – see 閒 (“not busy; idle; vacant; unoccupied; unused; etc.”). (This character, 閑, is a variant traditional form of 閒.) |
Etymology 2 edit
trad. | 閑 | |
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simp. | 闲* |
Related to 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “railing; balustrade”), 欄 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “fence; railing”) and 攔 (OC *ɡ·raːn, “to obstruct”), and perhaps related to 練 (OC *ɡ·reːns, “to train”) (Schuessler, 2007). External comparanda may include Burmese ရန်း (ran:, “to erect railings, barriers”) or Mizo khâr (“to shut; to close; to shut off”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
閑
- † fence; bar; railings
- † stable (building for horses)
- † rule; law; limit; norm
- † to restrict; to restrain
- † Alternative form of 嫻/娴 (xián, “to be familiar; to be skilled; to be practised”)
- † to block; to guard against
- 4th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "barrier" (𝌉)
Compounds edit
Etymology 3 edit
Probably cognate with 介 (OC *kreːds, “to increase; to become great”) and perhaps derived from 嘏 (OC *kraːʔ, “large; great”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
閑
- † large; great
- 松桷有梴,旅楹有閑,寢成孔安。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Sōngjué yǒu chān, lǚyíng yǒu xián, qǐn chéng kǒng ān. [Pinyin]
- Long are the projecting beams of pine;
Large are the many pillars.
The temple was completed, – the tranquil abode [of his tablet].
松桷有梴,旅楹有闲,寝成孔安。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: げん (gen)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひま (hima, 閑); しずか (shizuka, 閑か); ならう (narau, 閑う); しきり (shikiri)
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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閑 |
かん Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 閑 (MC hean).
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
Noun edit
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
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閑 |
ひま Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 閑 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 閑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
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閑 |
のど Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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和 |
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
閑 • (nodo) -na (adnominal 閑な (nodo na), adverbial 閑に (nodo ni))
Inflection edit
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 閑だろ | のどだろ | nodo daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 閑で | のどで | nodo de |
Terminal (終止形) | 閑だ | のどだ | nodo da |
Attributive (連体形) | 閑な | のどな | nodo na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 閑なら | のどなら | nodo nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 閑であれ | のどであれ | nodo de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 閑ではない 閑じゃない |
のどではない のどじゃない |
nodo de wa nai nodo ja nai |
Informal past | 閑だった | のどだった | nodo datta |
Informal negative past | 閑ではなかった 閑じゃなかった |
のどではなかった のどじゃなかった |
nodo de wa nakatta nodo ja nakatta |
Formal | 閑です | のどです | nodo desu |
Formal negative | 閑ではありません 閑じゃありません |
のどではありません のどじゃありません |
nodo de wa arimasen nodo ja arimasen |
Formal past | 閑でした | のどでした | nodo deshita |
Formal negative past | 閑ではありませんでした 閑じゃありませんでした |
のどではありませんでした のどじゃありませんでした |
nodo de wa arimasen deshita nodo ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 閑で | のどで | nodo de |
Conditional | 閑なら(ば) | のどなら(ば) | nodo nara (ba) |
Provisional | 閑だったら | のどだったら | nodo dattara |
Volitional | 閑だろう | のどだろう | nodo darō |
Adverbial | 閑に | のどに | nodo ni |
Degree | 閑さ | のどさ | nodosa |
References edit
Korean edit
Hanja edit
閑 (eumhun 한가할 한 (han'gahal han))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
閑: Hán Nôm readings: nhàn, hèn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.