雹

雹 U+96F9, 雹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F9 ← 雸 [U+96F8] CJK Unified Ideographs 雺 → [U+96FA]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

雹 (radical 173 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月心口山 (MBPRU), four-corner 1071₂, composition ⿱雨包)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1372, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42248
• Dae Jaweon: page 1882, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4061, character 5
• Unihan data for U+96F9

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		雹

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 雹
Shang	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
袍	*buː
袌	*buː, *buːs
軳	*buː
抱	*buːʔ
勽	*buːs, *mɯnʔ
菢	*buːs
勹	*pruː
包	*pruː
胞	*pruː, *pʰruː
苞	*pruː
枹	*pruː, *bu, *bu
飽	*pruːʔ
泡	*pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮	*pʰruːs, *bruː
皰	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
疱	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
跑	*bruː, *bruːɡ
咆	*bruː
庖	*bruː
匏	*bruː
刨	*bruː
狍	*bruː
炰	*bruː
鉋	*bruː, *bruːs
瓟	*bruː, *bruːɡ
颮	*bruː, *pʰruːɡ
鞄	*bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ
鮑	*bruːʔ
骲	*bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
玸	*bu
雹	*bruːɡ
窇	*bruːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *bruːɡ): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): báo, bó (bao², bo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˊ, ㄅㄛˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): bao⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): bok⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): bau¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): poh⁷
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pho̍k

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pog⁶

• Jin (Wiktionary): bau³
• Min Dong (BUC): pĕ̤k / pâu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): pha̍uh / phàu / phau / phāu / pa̍k / po̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pag⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): boq (T5)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): pau⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: báo
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˊ
    • Wade-Giles: pao²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baur
    • IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, rare literary variant)⁺
    • Pinyin: bó
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
    • Wade-Giles: po²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
    • IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: bao⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bao
    • IPA ^(key): /pau²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bok⁶
    • Yale: bohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bog⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /pɔːk̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: bau¹
    • IPA ^(key): /pau³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: poh⁷
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰɔʔ²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pho̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: pog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pog⁶
    • IPA: /pʰok̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pog⁶
    • IPA: /pʰɔk̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: bau³
    • IPA (old-style): /pau⁴⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pĕ̤k / pâu
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰøyʔ⁵/, /pʰɑu²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pha̍uh
    • Tâi-lô: pha̍uh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phauh
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰaʊʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰaʊʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phàu
    • Tâi-lô: phàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phaux
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰaʊ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phau
    • Tâi-lô: phau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phaw
    • IPA (Taipei, Kinmen): /pʰaʊ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phāu
    • Tâi-lô: phāu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phau
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍k
    • Tâi-lô: pa̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pak
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
    • Tâi-lô: po̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚⁴/

Note:

• pha̍uh/phàu/phau/phāu - vernacular;
• pa̍k - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: pag⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pha̍k
  • IPA ^(key): /pʰak̚⁴/

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: boq (T5)
    • IPA ^(key): /b̻ʊʔ¹²/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: pau⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰɒu⁴⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /bˠʌk̚/▼

Rime
Character	雹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	蒲角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/bɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/bɔk̚/
Wang Li	/bɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bó

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*C.[b]ˤruk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bruːɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	雹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	báo
Middle Chinese	‹ bæwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[b]ˤruk/
English	hail
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雹
Reading #	1/1
No.	310
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	雹
Old Chinese	/*bruːɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

雹

1. hail

CompoundsEdit

• 下雹 (xiàbáo)
• 冰雹 (bīngbáo)

• 雷霆電雹／雷霆电雹
• 雹子 (báozi)

• 雹神
• 雹雨

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

雹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. hail

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ぼく (boku)
• Kan’on: はく (haku)
• Kan’yōon: ひょく (hyoku)
• Kun: ひょう (hyō, 雹)

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
雹
ひょう Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

雹 (hyō)

Perhaps from 氷 (hyō, “ice”)

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ひょ​ー [hyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ço̞ː]

NounEdit

雹 (hiragana ひょう, rōmaji hyō)

1. hail
2. a hailstone

Derived termsEdit

• 降 (こう)雹 (ひょう) (kōhyō)
• 雹 (ひょう)害 (がい) (hyōgai)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

雹 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune-Reischauer pak, Yale pak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

雹 (bạc, bão)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.