震

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

震 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+7, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一月一一女 (MBMMV), four-corner 1023₂, composition ⿱⻗辰)

Derived charactersEdit

𢤟, 𢸍, 𤂪, 𭩒, 𨯂

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1374, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42300
Dae Jaweon: page 1883, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4064, character 1
Unihan data for U+9707

ChineseEdit

trad.		震
simp. ^#		震

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (辰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
辴	tʰɯl, tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn
屒	tɯnʔ, djɯn
振	tjɯn, tjɯns
侲	tjɯn, tjɯn
桭	tjɯn, djɯn
唇	tjɯn, ɦljun
帪	*tjɯn
賑	tjɯnʔ, tjɯns
裖	*tjɯnʔ
敐	tjɯnʔ, djɯn
震	*tjɯn
娠	tjɯns, hljɯn
蜃	djɯns, djɯnʔ, *djins
辰	*djɯn
晨	djɯn, ɦljɯn
宸	*djɯn
鷐	*djɯn
麎	*djɯn
祳	*djɯnʔ
脤	*djɯnʔ
鋠	*djɯnʔ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
陙	*djun
脣	*ɦljun
漘	*ɦljun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjɯn): semantic 雨 + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn).

EtymologyEdit

Related to 振 (OC *tjɯns, “to shake”), probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhèn (zhen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ

(Chengdu, SP): zen³ / ten³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zan³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zin²
Gan (Wiktionary): ziin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳ́n

(Meixian, Guangdong): zen³
Jin (Wiktionary): zeng³
Min Bei (KCR): cěng
Min Dong (BUC): cīng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chín / chìn

(Teochew, Peng'im): zing² / dung³
Wu (Wiktionary): ²tsen
Xiang (Wiktionary): zhen⁴ / ten³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
  - Wade–Giles: chên⁴
  - Yale: jèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
  - Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zen³ / ten³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen / ten
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən⁵³/, /tʰən⁵³/

Note:

zen3 - literary;
ten3 - vernacular (“to shake”).

Cantonese

(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
- Jyutping: zan³
- Yale: jan
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzan³
- Guangdong Romanization: zen³
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐn³³/
(Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: zin²
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sin⁵⁵/

Gan

(Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ziin⁴
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɨn³⁵/

Hakka

(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́n
- Hakka Romanization System: ziin`
- Hagfa Pinyim: zin³
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn³¹/
(Meixian)
- Guangdong: zen³
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sən³¹/

Jin

(Taiyuan)⁺
- Wiktionary: zeng³
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sə̃ŋ⁴⁵/

Min Bei

(Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cěng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seiŋ²¹/

Min Dong

(Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cīng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ³³/

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín
- Tâi-lô: tsín
- Phofsit Daibuun: cien
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕin⁴¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕin⁵³/
(Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn
- Tâi-lô: tsìn
- Phofsit Daibuun: cixn
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕin¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕin²¹/
(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zing² / dung³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsíng / tùng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵²/, /tuŋ²¹³/

Note:

zing2 - literary;
dung3 - vernacular (“to shake”).

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ²tsen
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səɲ³⁴/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: zhen⁴ / ten³
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁵/, /tʰən⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sən⁴⁵/, /tʰən⁴¹/

Note:

zhen4 - literary;
ten3 - vernacular (“to shake”).

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiɪnH/

Rime
Character	震
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	章刃切
Baxter	tsyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cin^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiĕn^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tər-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	震
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tər-s/
English	clap of thunder
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	震
Reading #	1/1
No.	1367
Phonetic component	辰
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	震
Old Chinese	/*tjɯn/

DefinitionsEdit

震

^† thunder
^† (of lightning) to strike
to tremble; to shake; to jolt; to quake
(literary, or in compounds) earthquake
(literary, or in compounds) ^† to be excited; to be aroused; to be shocked
^† to stir; to invigorate
^† power; prestige; dignity
^† to fear; to tremble
^† the east
4th of the 8 trigrams
51st hexagram of the I Ching
(～國) (historical) Jin; Zhen (original name of the Balhae state)
a surname

SynonymsEdit

(thunder): 雷 (léi); (Cantonese, Min Nan) 雷公 (léigōng); (Jin) 忽雷
(to shake): 震動／震动 (zhèndòng)
(earthquake):

Dialectal synonyms of 地震 (“(to have an) earthquake”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		地震
Mandarin	Beijing	地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒, 鰲魚翻身
	Taiwan	地震, 地牛翻身
	Tianjin	地震
	Tangshan	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Cangzhou	地震
	Baoding	地震, 地動
	Shijiazhuang	地震, 地動
	Chifeng	地震, 地動
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	地震
	Harbin	地震
	Shenyang	地震, 老鱉翻身
	Qingdao	地震
	Jinan	地震, 地動
	Luoyang	地動
	Wanrong	地動
	Zhengzhou	地動
	Xi'an	地震, 地動
	Yinchuan	地震
	Lanzhou	地震, 地動
	Xining	地震, 地牛搖頭
	Ürümqi	地動
	Wuhan	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Chengdu	地震, 地動
	Guiyang	地震, 地動
	Kunming	地震, 鱷魚翻身
	Guilin	地震
	Liuzhou	地震
	Xuzhou	地震, 地動
	Yangzhou	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Nanjing	地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼睛
	Hefei	地震
	Nantong	地震, 地動
	Qimen (Anling Junhua)	鰲魚翻身
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	地動
	Kokang	地動, 鰲魚翻身
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	地震, 地動
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	地震
Cantonese	Guangzhou	地震
	Hong Kong	地震
	Yangjiang	地震
Gan	Nanchang	地震
Gan	Pingxiang	地震, 孽龍轉身
Hakka	Meixian	地震, 天地轉側
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	地震
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	地轉側
	Wuhua (Changbu)	地震, 地轉側
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	地震
	Jiexi	地牛轉肩
	Luhe	地牛轉肩
	Changting	鰲魚翻身
	Yongding	地轉側
	Yongding (Xiayang)	地動
	Yongding (Gaobei)	地震
	Yongding (Hukeng)	地震
	Liancheng (Peitian)	鰲魚轉側, 地震
	Liancheng (Juxi)	地震
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	地震
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	地震, 地動
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	地動
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	地動
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	地動
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	地動
	Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng)	地動
	Bobai (Longtan)	地震
	Pontianak (Meixian)	地動
	Bangkok (Meixian)	天轉側
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	地牛轉肩
Huizhou	Shexian	地震
Huizhou	Qimen (Anling Minhua)	鰲魚翻身, 地震
Jin	Taiyuan	地震, 地動
	Xinzhou	地動
	Linhe	地震, 地動
	Jining	地搖
	Hohhot	地震, 地動
	Zhangjiakou	地震
	Handan	地震, 地動
Min Bei	Jian'ou	地震, 地牛反肩
Min Dong	Fuzhou	地震, 地牛轉肩
Min Dong	Gutian	地震, 地牛車轉身 dated
Min Nan	Xiamen	地動
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	地動
	Quanzhou	地動, 地牛翻身
	Zhangzhou	地動, 地牛翻身
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	地動
	Zhangpu	地動
	Dongshan	地牛過肩, 地顫 rural
	Taipei	地動
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	地牛翻身, 地動
	Kaohsiung	地動, 塗牛翻身
	Yilan	地牛翻身, 地動
	Changhua (Lukang)	地動
	Taichung	地動, 地牛翻身
	Tainan	地動, 塗牛翻身
	Hsinchu	地動, 地牛翻身
	Kinmen	地動, 地牛翻身
	Penghu (Magong)	地動, 地牛翻身
	Penang (Hokkien)	地動, 地顫
	Manila (Hokkien)	地動
	Chaozhou	地震
	Shantou	地震
	Jieyang	地牛換肩
	Haifeng	地牛翻身
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	地震
Wu	Shanghai	地震, 地動
	Suzhou	地震
	Wenzhou	地震, 地藏王轉肩
Xiang	Changsha	地震
Xiang	Shuangfeng	地震