頑

See also: 顽

頑	U+9811, 頑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9811

← 預
[U+9810]

CJK Unified Ideographs

頒 →
[U+9812]

Translingual edit

Stroke order

Han character edit

頑 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一山一月金 (MUMBC), four-corner 1128₆, composition ⿰元頁)

Derived characters edit

㹕, 𤻆

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1401, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43374
Dae Jaweon: page 1917, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4359, character 8
Unihan data for U+9811

Chinese edit

trad.		頑
simp.		顽

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冠	kŋoːn, kŋoːns
莞	kŋoːn, ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘	*ŋkoːnʔ
筦	*ŋkoːnʔ
梡	ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏	*ŋoːn
刓	*ŋoːn
园	*ŋoːn
忨	ŋoːn, ŋoːns
蚖	ŋoːn, ŋon
黿	ŋoːn, ŋon
抏	*ŋoːn
玩	*ŋoːns
貦	*ŋoːns
翫	*ŋoːns
妧	*ŋoːns
完	*ɦŋoːn
捖	*ɦŋoːn
垸	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋoːns
綄	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋoːnʔ
院	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋons
皖	ɦŋoːnʔ, ɦŋroːnʔ
晥	*ɦŋoːnʔ
浣	*ɦŋoːnʔ
頑	ŋroːn, ŋroːn
睆	*ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇	*ɦŋroːnʔ
元	*ŋon
沅	*ŋon
芫	*ŋon
杬	*ŋon
邧	ŋon, ŋonʔ
阮	ŋon, ŋonʔ
俒	ɦŋuːn, ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn) : phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

As 元 came to be used to mean “original”, rather than “head”, this character was formed from the original meaning of 元 (“head”) + the semantic element 頁／页 to affirm the “head” meaning, but with the modification in meaning to “an intransigent head”; the head of a heady person.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wán (wan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): uan⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngòan
Jin (Wiktionary): van¹
Northern Min (KCR): ngṳīng
Eastern Min (BUC): nguàng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): goân / oán

(Teochew, Peng'im): nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶woe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wán
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wán
  - Wade–Giles: wan²
  - Yale: wán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
  - Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: waan⁴
  - Yale: wàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: uan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uan³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngòan
  - Hakka Romanization System: nguanˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nguan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯an¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: van¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nguàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
  - Tâi-lô: guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán
  - Tâi-lô: uán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oarn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

goân - literary;
oán - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng / nguêng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

nguang5 - Shantou;
nguêng5 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶woe
  - MiniDict: woe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhuoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦuø²³/

Middle Chinese: ngwaen

Rime
Character	頑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五還切
Baxter	ngwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaɨn/
Li Rong	/ŋuan/
Wang Li	/ŋwan/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaan⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	頑	頑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16138	16139
Phonetic component	元	元
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime		𤸷
Old Chinese	/*ŋroːn/	/*ŋroːn/
Notes	宋跋本王韻吳鰥反

Definitions edit

頑

obstinate; stubborn; recalcitrant
頑抗／顽抗 ― wánkàng ― to stubbornly resist

頑強／顽强 ― wánqiáng ― staunch; tenacious
stupid; ignorant
頑昧／顽昧 ― wánmèi ― ignorant; benighted
- 之子畯明，我鈍而頑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  之子畯明，我钝而顽。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Han Yu, 祭穆員外文 (In memory of Official Mu)
  Zhī zǐ jùnmíng, wǒ dùn ér wán. [Pinyin]
  He is bright, while I am obtuse and ignorant.
naughty; mischievous
頑皮／顽皮 ― wánpí ― naughty; mischievous

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

頑

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

stubborn

Readings edit

Go-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)}^{←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)}
Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)^{←ぐわん (gwan, historical)}
Kun: かたい (katai, 頑い); かたくな (katakuna, 頑); かたくな (katakuna, 頑な)

Compounds edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
頑
かたくな Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 頑 – see the following entry.

【かたくな】

[adjective] stubborn

Alternative spelling
頑な

(This term, 頑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

頑 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

頑: Hán Nôm readings: ngoan, ngoãn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.