頭
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
頭 (radical 181 頁+7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一廿一月金 (MTMBC), four-corner 11186, composition ⿰豆頁)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1404, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43490
- Dae Jaweon: page 1921, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4372, character 5
- Unihan data for U+982D
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 頭 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 头 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (豆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 侸 | *toː |
| 剅 | *toː, *roː |
| 郖 | *toː, *doːs |
| 鬪 | *toːs |
| 鋀 | *tʰoː |
| 頭 | *doː |
| 豆 | *doːs |
| 逗 | *doːs, *dos |
| 痘 | *doːs |
| 梪 | *doːs |
| 脰 | *doːs |
| 荳 | *doːs |
| 浢 | *doːs |
| 餖 | *doːs |
| 毭 | *doːs |
| 豎 | *djoʔ |
| 裋 | *djoʔ |
| 短 | *toːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *doː): phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs) + semantic 頁.
EtymologyEdit
Replaced earlier 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus, “head”).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ
- Wade-Giles: t'ou2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tour
- IPA (key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tou2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tou
- IPA (key): /tʰəu²¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: tau4, tau4-2
- Yale: tàuh, táu
- Cantonese Pinyin: tau4, tau4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: teo4, teo2
- IPA (key): /tʰɐu̯²¹/, /tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
-
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: heu3, heu3*
- IPA (key): /heu²²/, /heu²²⁻²²⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu
- Hakka Romanization System: teuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: teu2
- IPA: /tʰe̯u¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tàu
- IPA (key): /tʰau⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thô͘
- Tâi-lô: thôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: too
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ¹³/
- IPA (Kinmen): /tʰɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiô
- Tâi-lô: thiô
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiooi
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰio²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰio²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thô
- Tâi-lô: thô
- Phofsit Daibuun: tooi
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰo²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɤ²³/
- thâu - vernacular;
- thiô/thô͘ - literary;
- thô - only used in 饅頭.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tao5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâu
- IPA (key): /tʰau⁵⁵/
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: deu (T3)
- IPA (key): /d̻ɜ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 頭 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰou³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /tʰou²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /tʰou⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /tʰou⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /tʰou⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /tʰou⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /tʰou²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /tʰɯ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /tʰəu⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /tʰou⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /tʰɤu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /tʰəu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /tʰəu³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /tʰəu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /tʰəu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /tʰəɯ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /tʰɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /təu¹³/ /tʰəu¹³/ |
|
| Hohhot | /tʰəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /dɤ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /dɤ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /dei²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /dɤu³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʰiu⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /tʰiu⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /təu¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /dəɯ¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tʰɛu²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tʰeu¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʰeu¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tʰɐu²¹/ |
| Nanning | /tʰɐu²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tʰɐu²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /tʰɔ³⁵/ /tʰau³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /tʰau⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tʰe³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /tʰau⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /hau³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 頭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 度侯切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/dəu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/dəu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/dəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/dəw/ |
| Li Rong |
/du/ |
| Wang Li |
/dəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tóu |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 頭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tóu |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ duw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[m-t]ˤo/ |
| English | head |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 頭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2465 |
| Phonetic component |
豆 |
| Rime group |
侯 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
頭 |
| Old Chinese |
/*doː/ |
DefinitionsEdit
頭
- (anatomy) head
-
- 我又要叫你和女人彼此為仇；你的後裔和女人的後裔也彼此為仇。女人的後裔要傷你的頭；你要傷他的腳跟。 [MSC, trad.]
- 我又要叫你和女人彼此为仇；你的后裔和女人的后裔也彼此为仇。女人的后裔要伤你的头；你要伤他的脚跟。 [MSC, simp.]
- From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 創世記 (Genesis) 3:15
-
- Wǒ yòu yào jiào nǐ hé nǚrén bǐcǐ wéi chóu; nǐ de hòuyì hé nǚrén de hòuyì yě bǐcǐ wéi chóu. Nǚrén de hòuyì yào shāng nǐ de tóu; nǐ yào shāng tā de jiǎogēn. [Pinyin]
- And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
- hair
- top; tip; end
- chief; boss; leader
- remnant; end
- Classifier for livestock. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- first; leading
- Diminutive suffix.
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: ず (zu, Jōyō)←づ (du, historical)
- Kan’on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
- Tōon: じゅう (jū)←ぢゆう (dyū, historical)
- Kan’yōon: と (to, Jōyō, uncommon)
- Kun: あたま (atama, 頭, Jōyō); かしら (kashira, 頭); かぶり (kaburi, 頭); こうべ (kōbe, 頭)←かうべ (kaube, historical)
- Nanori: かぶ (kabu); かぶし (kabushi); かみ (kami); ちゃん (chan); つぶり (tsuburi); つむ (tsumu); つむり (tsumuri); づ (zu); どたま (dotama)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| あたま Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese of unknown derivation. Theories include:
- From 天玉 (atama, “upper sphere”), of the body
- From 当間 (atema, “end space”), referring the head as a moxibustion point, or
- From 貴間 (atema): 貴 (ate, “noble”) + 間 (ma, “space”), referring to most important part of the body.
(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana あたま, rōmaji atama)
- (anatomy) the forehead or fontanelle part of the skull
- head (body part)
- 頭が痛い。
- Atama ga itai.
- My head hurts.
- 頭が痛い。
IdiomsEdit
- 頭が良い (atama ga ii): bright, intelligent
- 頭が悪い (atama ga warui): stupid, intellectually challenged
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| かしら Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[3] Found as a standalone noun in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, and as a counter in the Kojiki, dating to 712 CE.
PronunciationEdit
- Kun’yomi
- The pitch accent for the counter depends on the preceding noun.
CounterEdit
頭 (hiragana かしら, rōmaji -kashira)
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana かしら, rōmaji kashira)
Alternative formsEdit
- (head of a doll): 首
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| かぶり Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with and shift in meaning from かぶり (kaburi, “covering; hat, crown”), spelled in kanji as 被り or 冠.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana かぶり, rōmaji kaburi)
IdiomsEdit
- 頭を振る (kaburi o furu): shake one's head (in denial)
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| かぶ Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
Cognate with 株 (kabu, “stump; root”), from a general sense of lump.[3]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 5Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| つぶり Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
Cognate with 粒 (tsubu, “round thing”, such as a grain), 禿ぶ (tsubu, “to go bald”, from the idea of one's head becoming round), 円ら (tsubura, “round”, adjective), 潰れる (tsubureru, “to become rounded, as from wear and tear, or from crushing”).[3]
Some sources[1] derive this as a shift from 円ら (tsubura, “round”, adjective). However, the phonology and semantics for this do not fit (changing /a/ to /i/, and repurposing the adjectivizing suffix ら to instead form a noun). The modern verb tsubureru had the form tsuburu in older stages of the language. The tsuburi reading for 頭 may more likely represent a nominalization derived from this older verb, following normal patterns for creating nouns from verbs.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana つぶり, rōmaji tsuburi)
Etymology 6Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| つむり Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
From tsuburi above. Bilabial plosive /b/ becomes bilabial nasal /m/.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana つむり, rōmaji tsumuri)
Etymology 7Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| つむ Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
Shortened from tsumuri above.[3]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 8Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| こうべ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/
Compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) (likely cognates) with the suffix 方 (pe, “location, direction”).[3][1][4]
Alternatively, may be an alteration from 頭 (kabu, “head”, see above) + 上 (ue, “up”).[3]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana こうべ, rōmaji kōbe, historical hiragana かうべ)
Derived termsEdit
- 髑髏 (sarekōbe)
Etymology 9Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| どたま Grade: 2 |
| Irregular |
Contraction of ど (do, “super-”, often used ironically as a derogatory prefix) + 頭 (atama, “head”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana どたま, rōmaji dotama)
Usage notesEdit
Often spelled in hiragana, as どたま.
Etymology 10Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| ず Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
/du/ → /d͡zu/ → /zu/
From Middle Chinese 頭 (duw, “head”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana ず, rōmaji zu, historical hiragana づ)
Usage notesEdit
This reading is more often found in compounds, such as 頭痛 (zutsū, “a headache”).
IdiomsEdit
Etymology 11Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 頭 |
| とう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 頭 (/dəu/, “head”). The shift from initial /d/ to voiceless /t/ is due to influence or reborrowing from a later stage of the Chinese language. Compare modern Mandarin reading tóu, Cantonese tau4, Min Nan tao5.
PronunciationEdit
CounterEdit
- heads of large animals (cows, horses)
- 合わせて１３００頭余りが出荷され、全国各地に流通した
- Awasete sen sanbyaku tō amari ga shukka sare, zenkoku kakuchi ni ryūtsū shita.
- Altogether over 1300 heads of cattle have been distributed throughout the country.
- 合わせて１３００頭余りが出荷され、全国各地に流通した
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
頭 • (du) (hangeul 두, McCune-Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Northern Amami-OshimaEdit
KanjiEdit
頭 (hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with mainland Japanese 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)
Oki-No-ErabuEdit
KanjiEdit
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with mainland Japanese 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
- head
- an intelligent person
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with mainland Japanese 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
- head
- an intelligent person
CompoundsEdit
- 頭病ん (ちぶるやん, chiburuyan): headache
Southern Amami-OshimaEdit
KanjiEdit
頭 (hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with mainland Japanese 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
頭 (đầu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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YaeyamaEdit
KanjiEdit
頭 (hiragana つぶり, romaji tsuburi, hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu, hiragana つぃぶるぃ, romaji tsiburi)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with mainland Japanese 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana つぶり, romaji tsuburi, hiragana つぃぶる, romaji tsiburu, hiragana つぃぶるぃ, romaji tsiburi)
YoronEdit
KanjiEdit
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with mainland Japanese 頭 (tsuburi), dialectal 頭 (tsuburo), itself probably a compound of 粒 (tsubu, “round thing, such as a grain”) + ろ (ro, suffix indicating a state or condition).
NounEdit
頭 (hiragana ちぶる, romaji chiburu)
- head
- an intelligent person