鰯
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Translingual edit
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Han character edit
鰯 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+10, 21 strokes, cangjie input 弓火弓一一 (NFNMM), composition ⿰魚弱)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1476, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46413
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4708, character 9
- Unihan data for U+9C2F
Chinese edit
| trad. | 鰯 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 𱈍 | |
Glyph origin edit
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi, “sardine”). A Japanese kokuji coined phono-semanically (弱し yowashi) in the Nara period.
Etymology edit
Spelling pronunciation, as 弱 (ruò)
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
鰯
References edit
Japanese edit
Glyph origin edit
A 国字 (kokuji, “Japanese-coined character”).
Kanji edit
鰯
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鰯 |
| いわし Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 鰮 鰛 |
From Old Japanese.[1] Attested in a mokkan dated around 756.[1]
Seemingly connected to 弱し (yowashi, “weak”, modern 弱い (yowai)), from the way that the fish quickly dies.[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.[2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- [from 756] a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 8:
- 鰯 楊氏漢語抄云鰯〈伊和之 今案本文未詳〉
- Pilchard: [Part of the] Willow Family. 鰯 is [also] in the Kangoshō. ([read] iwasi; currently, records of its origin are unknown)
- [unknown] Japanese sardine
- [from 1747] an uncut sword
- [from c. 1310] on the night of the Setsubun, a pilchard is placed at the entrance along with a 柊 (hīragi, “Osmanthus heterophyllus”) to ward off evil spirits
- [from 1892] (slang, used by criminals) a prison guard
Usage notes edit
- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イワシ.
Derived terms edit
- 鰯鯨 (iwashikujira)
- 鰯雲 (iwashigumo)
Descendants edit
- Russian: иваси́ f (ivasí)
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 “いわし 【鰯・鰮】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)
[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ^ “よわ・い 【弱】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) [2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Korean edit
Hanja edit
鰯 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Northern Amami-Oshima edit
Etymology edit
Possibly borrowed from Japanese 鰯 (iwashi).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
鰯 (iwasi)
- a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard) (Sardinops melanostictus)
References edit
- Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko (1977) 奄美方言分類辞典上巻 [Dictionary of Amami Dialect on Semantic Principles: Volume 1], Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 857
- Osada, Suma, Suyama, Nahoko, Fujii, Misako (1980) 奄美方言分類辞典下巻 [Dictionary of Amami Dialect on Semantic Principles: Volume 2], Tokyo: Kasama Shoin, page 655
Old Japanese edit
Etymology edit
Seemingly connected to 弱し (yo1wasi, “weak”), from the way that the fish quickly dies.[1] However, the pitch accents mismatch; the Heian period accent for iwashi is <HHH>,[1] contradicting to the accent of yowashi, which has <LLF> in the Heian period.[2]
Noun edit
鰯 (iwasi) (kana いわし)
- a pilchard (especially a Japanese pilchard (Sardinops melanostictus))
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “いわし 【鰯・鰮】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) [3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ^ “よわ・い 【弱】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) [4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)