鹹

See also: 醎 and 咸

鹹 U+9E79, 鹹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E79 ← 鹸 [U+9E78] CJK Unified Ideographs 鹺 → [U+9E7A]

Translingual

Han character

鹹 (radical 197, 鹵+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR), four-corner 2365₀, composition ⿰鹵咸)

Related characters

• 咸 – simplified to an existing character.

See also

• 鹽

References

• KangXi: page 1507, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47553
• Dae Jaweon: page 2035, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4610, character 19
• Unihan data for U+9E79

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Chinese

trad.		鹹
simp.		咸*
variant forms		醎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	*kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗	*kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	*qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	*krɯːm, *kjum
黬	*krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減	*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	*ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	*ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯːm): semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xián (xian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hàm
• Min Bei (KCR): ǎng
• Min Dong (BUC): gèng / hàng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giam⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhe (T3); hhi (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xián
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    • Wade–Giles: hsien²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sián
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haam⁴
    • Yale: hàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ham⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /häːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: hamˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ham²
    • Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gèng / hàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/

Note:

• gèng - vernacular;
• hàng - literary.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâm
  • Tâi-lô: kiâm
  • Phofsit Daibuun: kiaam
  • IPA (Xiamen): /kiam²⁴/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam²⁴/
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiam¹³/
  • IPA (Taipei): /kiam²⁴/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam²³/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: giam⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiâm
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiam⁵⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: hhe (T3); hhi (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦe̞²³/, /ɦi²³/

Note:

• 3hhe - vernacular;
• 3hhi - literary.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 鹹
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/ ～陽 /xã²⁴/ ～菜
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ /xɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/ /xan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xan³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕien²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɑŋ¹³/ ～阳 /xɑŋ¹³/ ～菜
	Hohhot	/ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦe²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/ ～鹽
	Tunxi	/xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xan¹³/ ～魚
	Xiangtan	/ɦan¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/han²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/ham¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/hɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ham²¹/
	Nanning	/ham²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ham²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ham³⁵/ /kiam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/aŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ham⁵⁵/ /kiam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ham³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛm/▼

Rime
Character	鹹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡讒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨm/
Li Rong	/ɣɐm/
Wang Li	/ɣɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤr[o]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鹹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛm ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁr[o]m/
English	salty
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鹹
Reading #	1/1
No.	13516
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	咸
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯːm/
Notes	鹹轉註字

Definitions

鹹

1. salty; briny
2. salted
3. (Min Nan) stingy; miserly
4. (Cantonese) Short for 鹹濕／咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”).

Synonyms

• (stingy):

edit

Synonyms of 鹹

• 㾀屎 (Min Nan)
• 㾀屎庀 (Min Nan)
• 凍霜／冻霜 (Min Nan)
• 吝嗇／吝啬 (lìnsè)
• 孤寒 (Cantonese, Hakka)
• 小氣／小气 (xiǎoqì)
• 小鄙臉／小鄙脸 (Min Nan)
• 小鬼臉／小鬼脸 (Min Nan)
• 慳吝／悭吝 (qiānlìn) (literary)
• 捻𡳞 (Min Nan)
• 捻 (niǎn) (Min Nan)

• 摳／抠 (kōu)
• 摳門／抠门 (kōumén)
• 攝屎／摄屎 (Min Nan)
• 枵鬼 (Min Nan)
• 桶庀 (Min Nan)
• 毛絲／毛丝 (Min Nan)
• 澀／涩 (sè) (Min Nan)
• 無量／无量 (wúliàng) (Min Nan)
• 牛螕 (Min Nan)
• 蟯鬼／蛲鬼 (Min Nan)
• 袂做人 (Min Nan)

• 譴相／谴相 (Min Nan)
• 貓𡳞／猫𡳞 (Min Nan)
• 貓／猫 (māo) (Min Nan)
• 貓潲／猫潲 (Min Nan)
• 貓神／猫神 (Min Nan)
• 鄙釐 (Min Nan)
• 雞孫／鸡孙 (Min Nan)
• 鹹掛嗇／咸挂啬 (Min Nan)
• 鹹澀／咸涩 (xiánsè) (Min Nan)
• 鹹澀韌／咸涩韧 (Min Nan)
• 齧察／啮察 (Hakka)

Compounds

• 八珍鹹粥／八珍咸粥
• 半鹹水湖／半咸水湖
• 托葷鹹食／托荤咸食
• 鹹嘴淡舌／咸嘴淡舌
• 鹹水／咸水 (xiánshuǐ)
• 鹹水妹／咸水妹 (xiánshuǐmèi)
• 鹹水湖／咸水湖 (xiánshuǐhú)

• 鹹水魚／咸水鱼 (xiánshuǐyú)
• 鹹海／咸海 (Xiánhǎi)
• 鹹湖／咸湖
• 鹹潟／咸潟
• 鹹濕／咸湿 (xiánshī)
• 鹹肉／咸肉 (xiánròu)
• 鹹菜／咸菜 (xiáncài)

• 鹹蛋／咸蛋 (xiándàn)
• 鹹蟲／咸虫
• 鹹豬手／咸猪手 (xiánzhūshǒu)
• 鹹魚／咸鱼 (xiányú)
• 鹹魚翻生／咸鱼翻生
• 鹹魚翻身／咸鱼翻身 (xiányú fānshēn)
• 鹹鴨蛋／咸鸭蛋 (xiányādàn)

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Japanese

Kanji

鹹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. salty

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan)
• Kun: しおからい (shiokarai), しおけ (shioke)

Compounds

• 鹹湖 (かんこ) (kanko)
• 鹹水 (かんすい) (kansui)
• 鹹水湖 (かんすいこ) (kansuiko)
• 鹹味 (かんみ) (kanmi)
• 半鹹水 (はんかんすい) (hankansui)

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Korean

Hanja

鹹 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

鹹 (hàm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.