黎

黎	U+9ECE, 黎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ECE

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

黎 (radical 202, 黍+3, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹人水 (HHOE), four-corner 2713₂, composition ⿳𥝢𠆢氺)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1517, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47994
Dae Jaweon: page 2049, character 36
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4759, character 3
Unihan data for U+9ECE

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		黎

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
犁	riːl, ril
黎	*riːl
莉	riːl, r'il, *r'i
黧	*riːl
鯬	riːl, ril
筣	riːl, ri
蔾	riːl, ril
藜	*riːl
邌	*riːl
瓈	*riːl
鵹	*rel
棃	*ril
梨	*ril
蟍	*ril
蜊	*ril
鑗	*ril
利	*rids
痢	*rids
浰	*riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *riːl): semantic 黍 (“millet”) + phonetic 利 (OC *rids).

EtymologyEdit

“black; numerous”: Cognate with 黧 (“black”) (Wang, 1982).
“Li people”: From Hlai Hlai. Alleged to be used in Eastern Han dynasty book Yiwu Zhi:

《南裔異物志》謂：俚在廣州之南，俗呼俚為𥠖。 [MSC, trad.]
《南裔异物志》谓：俚在广州之南，俗呼俚为𥠖。 [MSC, simp.]

From: 顧炎武《天下郡國利病書》, early Qing dynasty

“Nányì Yìwù Zhì” wèi: Lǐ zài Guǎngzhōu zhī nán, sú hū Lǐ wèi 𥠖. [Pinyin]

(please add an English translation of this example)

Before Song dynasty, 俚 (lǐ) was a more common term.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lí (li²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): lai⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lai³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lì / lài

(Meixian, Guangdong): li² / lai²
Min Dong (BUC): là̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lê

(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁵ / loi⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lí
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
  - Wade–Giles: li²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁴
  - Yale: làih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lai²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì / lài
  - Hakka Romanization System: liˇ / laiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li² / lai²
  - Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/, /lai̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: li² / lai²
  - Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/, /laɪ¹¹/

Note: lài/lai2 - surname.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: là̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
  - Tâi-lô: lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁵ / loi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lî / lôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵⁵/, /loi⁵⁵/

Note: loi5 - surname.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: li (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: /lei/

Rime
Character	黎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎奚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/lei/
Wang Li	/liei/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤij/, /*[r]ˤij/

(Zhengzhang): /*riːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	黎	黎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lej ›
Old Chinese	/[r]ˁij/ (Cf. 耆 0552l ɡij < [ɡ]rij ‘old’)	/*[r]ˁij/
English	old	black
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	黎
Reading #	1/1
No.	7880
Phonetic component	利
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	黎
Old Chinese	/*riːl/

DefinitionsEdit

黎

^† black
^† numerous; crowded
黎民 ― límín ― common people
^† almost
黎明 ― límíng ― dawn
(～國) (historical) state of Li (a state in modern-day Shanxi, China, during the Shang dynasty)
(～族) Li people (the largest ethnic minority in Hainan, China)
Short for 黎巴嫩 (Líbānèn, “Lebanon”).
- 年逾八旬的卡薩與中國淵源頗深，自上世紀 50 年代以來，他已訪問中國 50 餘次，是中黎乃至中阿關係發展的見證者。 [MSC, trad.]
  年逾八旬的卡萨与中国渊源颇深，自上世纪 50 年代以来，他已访问中国 50 余次，是中黎乃至中阿关系发展的见证者。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2017 April 7, 李良勇, 黎巴嫩友好人士任丝绸之路国际总商会荣誉主席
  Nián yú bā xún de kǎsà yǔ zhōngguó yuānyuán pō shēn, zì shàng shìjì 50 niándài yǐlái, tā yǐ fǎngwèn zhōngguó 50 yú cì, shì Zhōng Lí nǎizhì Zhōng Ā guānxì fāzhǎn de jiànzhèngzhě. [Pinyin]
  Kassar, who is over 80 years old, has a deep relationship with China; since the 1950s, he has visited China over 50 times, witnessing the development of Sino–Lebanese, and even Sino–Arab, relations.
A surname.
黎元洪 ― Lí Yuánhóng ― Li Yuanhong (Chinese politician during the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 黎

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

黎

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

black, bluish black
gloomy, dusky
used to indicate the Li people of Hainan Province, China

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: らい (rai)
Kan-on: れい (rei)
On: り (ri)
Kun: くろ (kuro, 黎); くろい (kuroi, 黎い)
Nanori: たみ (tami)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

黎 (eum 려 (ryeo), South Korea 여 (yeo))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

黎: Hán Nôm readings: lê, rê

spelt as Lê, the fourth most common surname among ethnic Vietnamese.