ꠇꠤꠘꠣ

Sylheti

Alternative forms

• কিনা (kina) — Bengali script spelling

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit क्रीणाति (krīṇāti), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krináHti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷrinéh₂ti, from *kʷreyh₂-. Compare Assamese কিন (kin), Bengali কেনা (kena), Nepali किन्नु (kinnu), Odia କିଣିବ (kiṇiba), Hindi कीनना (kīnnā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kina/

Verb

ꠇꠤꠘꠣ • (kina)

1. buy, purchase

   ꠔꠣꠞꠣ ꠌꠣꠃꠟ ꠇꠤꠘꠔꠧ

   tara saul kinto

   They want to buy rice.

Conjugation

Impersonal of ꠇꠤꠘꠣ

Stem	ꠇꠤꠘ kin
Gerund	ꠇꠤꠘꠣ kina
Infinitive	ꠇꠤꠘꠣ kina
Goal	ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ kinar lagi
Agentive	ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠣ ♂, ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠤ ♀ kinra ♂, kinri ♀
Converb	ꠇꠤꠘꠔꠦ kinte
Progressive participle	ꠇꠤꠘꠔꠦ ꠇꠤꠘꠔꠦ kinte kinte
Conditional participle	ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠦ kinle
Perfect participle	ꠇꠤꠘꠤꠀ kinia
Habitual participle	ꠇꠤꠘꠤ ꠇꠤꠘꠤ kini kini

Conjugation of ꠇꠤꠘꠣ

Person	First person	Second person			Third person
		Very faml. & Inferior	Familiar	Honorific		Familiar
Singular	ꠀꠝꠤ/ꠝꠥꠁ ami/mui	ꠔꠥꠁ tui	ꠔꠥꠝꠤ tumi	ꠀꠙꠘꠦ afne	ꠔꠣꠁꠘ tain	ꠢꠦ ♂, ꠔꠣꠁ ♀ he ♂, tai ♀
Plural	ꠀꠝꠞꠣ amra	ꠔꠥꠝꠞꠣ tumra	ꠔꠥꠝꠤꠔꠣꠁꠘ tumitain	ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠞꠣ/ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠁꠘꠔꠦ afnara/afnainte	ꠔꠣꠁꠘꠔꠣꠁꠘ taintain	ꠔꠣꠞꠣ tara
Present
Imperfective	ꠇꠤꠘꠤ kini	ꠇꠤꠘꠌ kinos	ꠇꠤꠘꠧ kino	ꠇꠤꠘꠂꠘ kinoin		ꠇꠤꠘꠦ kine
Continuous	*ꠇꠤꠘꠤꠀꠞ / *ꠇꠤꠘꠤ ꠞꠣꠝ / *ꠇꠤꠘꠤꠔ ꠞꠣꠝ *kiniar / *kini ram / *kinit ram	ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠦ / ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠦ kinre	ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠣꠄ kinrae	ꠇꠤꠘꠞꠣ kinra		ꠇꠤꠘꠦꠞ kiner
Perfective	ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠤ kinsi	ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠌ kinsos	ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠧ kinso	ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠂꠘ kinsoin		ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠦ kinse
Past
Recent	ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠣꠝ kinlam	ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠦ kinle	ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠣꠄ kinlae	ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠣ kinla		ꠇꠤꠘꠟꠧ kinlo
Distant	ꠇꠤꠘꠍ꠆ꠟꠣꠝ kinslam	ꠇꠤꠘꠍ꠆ꠟꠦ kinsle	ꠇꠤꠘꠍ꠆ꠟꠣꠄ kinslae	ꠇꠤꠘꠍ꠆ꠟꠣ kinsla		ꠇꠤꠘꠍꠤꠟ kinsil
Continuous	ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠟꠣꠝ kinat aslam	ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠟꠦ kinat asle	ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠟꠣꠄ kinat aslae	ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠟꠣ kinat asla		ꠇꠤꠘꠣꠔ ꠀꠍꠤꠟ kinat asil
Future
Indicative	ꠇꠤꠘꠝꠥ kinmu	ꠇꠤꠘꠛꠦ kinbe	ꠇꠤꠘꠛꠣꠄ kinbae	ꠇꠤꠘꠛꠣ kinba		ꠇꠤꠘꠛꠧ kinbo
Others
Imperative	—	ꠇꠤꠘ kin	ꠇꠤꠘꠧ kino	ꠇꠤꠘꠃꠇꠇꠣ kinoukka		{{{imp-3}}} {{{imp-3-tr}}}
❋ Note 1: * = Dialectal
❋ Note 2: Sylheti is an ergative language. So the 3rd person nouns get the ergative suffix ꠄ (e), which is written with the vowel diacritic ꠦ (e) after a consonant.
❋ Note 3: There are many dialects of Sylheti. This is just one of those.
❋ Note 4: Click here to see other personal pronouns with grammatical cases.

References

• Gwynn, Roger (2016) “kin-”, in Londoni Sylheti dictionary, Part I : Sylheti-English, Middletown, DE: Acre Press.