거스르다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 거슬다 (Yale: kesulta)., Also attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 거슬ᄧᅳ다 (Yale: kesul.pcuta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kʌ̹sʰɯɾɯda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [거스르다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	geoseureuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	geoseuleuda
McCune–Reischauer?	kŏsŭrŭda
Yale Romanization?	kesuluta

Verb

거스르다 • (geoseureuda) (infinitive 거슬러, sequential 거스르니)

1. to disobey, to defy, to go against
2. to go upstream
3. to go back (time)
4. to annoy someone

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 거스르다 (geoseureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	거스른다 geoseureunda	거슬러 geoseulleo	거슬러요 geoseulleoyo	거스릅니다 geoseureumnida
	Past	거슬렀다 geoseulleotda	거슬렀어 geoseulleosseo	거슬렀어요 geoseulleosseoyo	거슬렀습니다 geoseulleotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	거스르느냐 geoseureuneunya	거슬러 geoseulleo	거슬러요 geoseulleoyo	거스릅니까 geoseureumnikka
	Past	거슬렀느냐 geoseulleonneunya	거슬렀어 geoseulleosseo	거슬렀어요 geoseulleosseoyo	거슬렀습니까 geoseulleotseumnikka
Hortative		거스르자 geoseureuja	거슬러 geoseulleo	거슬러요 geoseulleoyo	거스르십시다 geoseureusipsida
Imperative		거슬러라 geoseulleora	거슬러 geoseulleo	거슬러요 geoseulleoyo	거스릅시오 geoseureupsio
Assertive		거스르겠다 geoseureugetda	거스르겠어 geoseureugesseo	거스르겠어요 geoseureugesseoyo	거스르겠습니다 geoseureugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		거슬러 geoseulleo	거슬러서 geoseulleoseo	거스르니 geoseureuni	거스르니까 geoseureunikka
Contrast		거스르지만 geoseureujiman	거스르는데 geoseureuneunde	거스르더니 geoseureudeoni
Conjunction		거스르고 geoseureugo
Condition		거스르면 geoseureumyeon	거슬러야 geoseulleoya
Motive		거스르려고 geoseureuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		거스름 geoseureum	거스르기 geoseureugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		거슬렀음 geoseulleosseum	거슬렀기 geoseulleotgi
Determiners	Past	거스른 geoseureun
	Present	거스르는 geoseureuneun
	Future	거스를 geoseureul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	거스르신다 geoseureusinda	거스르셔 geoseureusyeo	거스르세요, 거스르셔요 geoseureuseyo, geoseureusyeoyo	거스르십니다 geoseureusimnida
	Past	거스르셨다 geoseureusyeotda	거스르셨어 geoseureusyeosseo	거스르셨어요 geoseureusyeosseoyo	거스르셨습니다 geoseureusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	거스르시느냐 geoseureusineunya	거스르셔 geoseureusyeo	거스르세요, 거스르셔요 geoseureuseyo, geoseureusyeoyo	거스르십니까 geoseureusimnikka
	Past	거스르셨느냐 geoseureusyeonneunya	거스르셨어 geoseureusyeosseo	거스르셨어요 geoseureusyeosseoyo	거스르셨습니까 geoseureusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		거스르시라 geoseureusira	거스르셔 geoseureusyeo	거스르세요 geoseureuseyo	거스르십시오 geoseureusipsio
Assertive		거스르시겠다 geoseureusigetda	거스르시겠어 geoseureusigesseo	거스르시겠어요 geoseureusigesseoyo	거스르시겠습니다 geoseureusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		거스르셔 geoseureusyeo	거스르셔서 geoseureusyeoseo	거스르시니 geoseureusini	거스르시니까 geoseureusinikka
Contrast		거스르시지만 geoseureusijiman	거스르시는데 geoseureusineunde	거스르시더니 geoseureusideoni
Conjunction		거스르시고 geoseureusigo
Condition		거스르시면 geoseureusimyeon	거스르셔야 geoseureusyeoya
Motive		거스르시려고 geoseureusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		거스르심 geoseureusim	거스르시기 geoseureusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		거스르셨음 geoseureusyeosseum	거스르셨기 geoseureusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	거스르신 geoseureusin
	Present	거스르시는 geoseureusineun
	Future	거스르실 geoseureusil

Derived terms

• 거스러지다 (geoseureojida, “(hair or fur) growing unmanageably, to have rough temper ”)
• 거슬리다 (geoseullida, “to be irritating; to get on one's nerves”)

References

• National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 May 27 (last accessed)) “거스르다 [geoseureuda]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎^[1]