-고나

Jeju

Etymology

See Korean 구나 (-guna).

Suffix

—고나 (-gona)

1. suffix used to express a statement of surprise or excitement.

Middle Korean

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kóná/

Suffix

고〮나〮 (-kwóná)

1. suffix used to exclaim newly-learned information.

Usage notes

• 고나 (-kwona) is used to exclaim newly-learned information or realization, whereas ㄴ뎌 (-ntye) expresses the statement with a degree of certainty, and ㄹ쎠 (-lssye) expresses the speaker's emotions.

Alternative forms

• 고〮녀〮 (-kwónyé), 고〮야〮 (-kwóyá)

Descendants

• Korean: 구나 (-guna)

See also

Middle Korean sentence enders
Form			Mood	Notes			Applied to 셔 (sye-, “to stand”)
	다〮 (-tá) 라〮 (-lá)		Declarative	Unmarked			셔다〮 (Yale: syètá)
	우〮마〮 (-wúmá)			Promissive			셔우〮마〮 (Yale: syèwúmá)
ㄴ (-n)	다〮 (-tá)		Interrogative	Realis	Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject		션다〮 (Yale: syèntá)
	가〮 (-ka)				Polar question, non-2P subject		션가〮 (Yale: syènká)
	고〮 (-kwo)				Wh-word question, non-2P subject		션고〮 (Yale: syènkwó)
ㅭ (-lq)	다〮 (-tá)			Irrealis	Obligatory for 2P subject		셜따〮 (Yale: syèlttá)
	가〮 (-ká)				Polar question, non-2P subject		셜까〮 (Yale: syèlkká)
	고〮 (-kwó)				Wh-word question, non-2P subject		셜꼬〮 (Yale: syèlkkwó)
니〮 (-ní-)		아〮 (-Gá)		Realis	Non-honorific	Polar question	셔니〮아〮 (Yale: syèníGá), 셔녀〮 (Yale: syènyé)
		오〮 (-Gwó)				Non-polar question	셔니〮오〮 (Yale: syèníGwó), 셔뇨〮 (Yale: syènywó)
	ㅅ (-s-)	가〮 (-ká)			Deferential	No polarity distinction	셔닛〮가〮 (Yale: syèníská)
	ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-)				Highly deferential		셔니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèníngìská)
리〮 (-lí-)		아〮 (-Gá)		Irrealis	Non-honorific	Polar question	셔리〮아〮 (Yale: syèlíGá), 셔려〮 (Yale: syèlyé)
		오〮 (-Gwó)				Non-polar question	셔리〮오〮 (Yale: syèlíGwó), 셔료〮 (Yale: syèlywó)
	ㅅ (-s-)	가〮 (-ká)			Deferential	No polarity distinction	셔릿〮가〮 (Yale: syèlíská)
	ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-)				Highly deferential		셔리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèlíngìská)
	라〮 (-lá)		Imperative	Ordering	Non-honorific		셔라〮 (Yale: syèlá)
	아〮쎠〮 (-ássyé) 어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé)				Deferential		셔〮쎠〮 (Yale: syéssyé)
	쇼〮셔〮 (-syósyé)				Highly deferential		셔쇼〮셔〮 (Yale: syèsyósyé)
고〮 (-kwó-) 오〮 (-Gwó-)	라〮 (-lá)			Requesting	Non-honorific		셔고〮라〮 (Yale: syèkwólá)
	려〮 (-lyé)				Deferential		셔고〮려〮 (Yale: syèkwólyé)
	ᅌᅵ (-ngì-)	다〮 (-tá)			Highly deferential		셔고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèkwóngìtá)
	져〮 (-cyé)		Propositive	Plain			셔져〮 (Yale: syècyé)
사〮 (-sá-)	ᅌᅵ (-ngì-)	다〮 (-tá)		Deferential			셔사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèsángìtá)
ㄴ (-n)	뎌〮 (-tyé)		Exclamatory	Self-honoring			션뎌〮 (Yale: syèntyé)
ㅭ (-lq)	셔〮 (-syé)						셜쎠〮 (Yale: syèlssyé)
고〮나〮 (-kwóná)				Only sixteenth century			셔고〮나〮 (Yale: syèkwóná)
Based on 나찬연 2020, 중세 국어의 이해; Lee and Ramsey 2011, History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive.