둔하다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
둔(鈍) (dun) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈtu(ː)nɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [둔(ː)하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | dunhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | dunhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tunhada |
| Yale Romanization? | twūn.hata |
Adjective edit
둔하다 • (dunhada) (infinitive 둔해 or 둔하여, sequential 둔하니, hanja 鈍하다)
- (of a person) to be dull, slow, inert, obtuse, dim-witted
- Synonym: 무디다 (mudida)
- (of sense, perception, etc.) to be dull, slow, numb
- Synonym: 무디다 (mudida)
- (of a blade) to be dull, blunt
- Synonym: 무디다 (mudida)
Conjugation edit
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 둔하다 dunhada |
둔해 dunhae |
둔해요 dunhaeyo |
둔합니다 dunhamnida |
| Past | 둔했다 dunhaetda |
둔했어 dunhaesseo |
둔했어요 dunhaesseoyo |
둔했습니다 dunhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 둔하냐 dunhanya |
둔해 dunhae |
둔해요 dunhaeyo |
둔합니까 dunhamnikka |
| Past | 둔했냐 dunhaennya |
둔했어 dunhaesseo |
둔했어요 dunhaesseoyo |
둔했습니까 dunhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 둔하겠다 dunhagetda |
둔하겠어 dunhagesseo |
둔하겠어요 dunhagesseoyo |
둔하겠습니다 dunhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 둔해 dunhae |
둔해서, 둔하여서 dunhaeseo, dunhayeoseo |
둔하니 dunhani |
둔하니까 dunhanikka | |
| Contrast | 둔하지만 dunhajiman |
둔한데 dunhande |
둔하더니 dunhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 둔하고 dunhago |
||||
| Condition | 둔하면 dunhamyeon |
둔해야, 둔하여야 dunhaeya, dunhayeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 둔함 dunham |
둔하기 dunhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 둔했음, 둔하였음 dunhaesseum, dunhayeosseum |
둔했기, 둔하였기 dunhaetgi, dunhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 둔한 dunhan | |||
| Future | 둔할 dunhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 둔하시다 dunhasida |
둔하셔 dunhasyeo |
둔하세요, 둔하셔요 dunhaseyo, dunhasyeoyo |
둔하십니다 dunhasimnida |
| Past | 둔하셨다 dunhasyeotda |
둔하셨어 dunhasyeosseo |
둔하셨어요 dunhasyeosseoyo |
둔하셨습니다 dunhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 둔하시냐 dunhasinya |
둔하셔 dunhasyeo |
둔하세요, 둔하셔요 dunhaseyo, dunhasyeoyo |
둔하십니까 dunhasimnikka |
| Past | 둔하셨냐 dunhasyeonnya |
둔하셨어 dunhasyeosseo |
둔하셨어요 dunhasyeosseoyo |
둔하셨습니까 dunhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 둔하시겠다 dunhasigetda |
둔하시겠어 dunhasigesseo |
둔하시겠어요 dunhasigesseoyo |
둔하시겠습니다 dunhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 둔하셔 dunhasyeo |
둔하셔서 dunhasyeoseo |
둔하시니 dunhasini |
둔하시니까 dunhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 둔하시지만 dunhasijiman |
둔하신데 dunhasinde |
둔하시더니 dunhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 둔하시고 dunhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 둔하시면 dunhasimyeon |
둔하셔야 dunhasyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 둔하심 dunhasim |
둔하시기 dunhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 둔하셨음 dunhasyeosseum |
둔하셨기 dunhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 둔하신 dunhasin | |||
| Future | 둔하실 dunhasil | ||||