𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-) +‎ *𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tairan), from Proto-Germanic *teraną, from Proto-Indo-European *der-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /disˈtɛran/

Verb

𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 • (distairan) (perfective)

1. to burst
   • Mark 2:22:

     𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌹𐌸 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃; 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍄𐍉 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐍉 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌽𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳; 𐌰𐌺 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳.

     ni manna giutiþ wein juggata in balgins fairnjans; ibai auftō distairai wein þata niujō þans balgins, jah wein usgutniþ, jah þai balgeis fraqistnand; ak wein juggata in balgins niujans giutand.

     And no man putteth new wine into old bottles: else the new wine doth burst the bottles, and the wine is spilled, and the bottles will be marred: but new wine must be put into new bottles. (KJV)

   • Luke 5:37:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌷𐌿𐌽 𐌽𐌹 𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌹𐌳 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌳 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐍉 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐍉 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌽𐌹𐌸, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳;

     jah ainshun ni giutid wein niujata in balgins fairnjans, aiþþau distairid þata niujō wein þans balgins jah silbō usgutniþ, jah þai balgeis fraqistnand;

     And no man putteth new wine into old bottles; else the new wine will burst the bottles, and be spilled, and the bottles shall perish. (KJV)

2. to leaven
   • Galatians 5:9:

     𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻 𐌱𐌴𐌹⟨𐍃⟩𐍄𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌸.

     leitil bei⟨s⟩tis allana daig distairiþ.

     A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 4 strong
Infinitive	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 distairan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 distaira	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂 distar	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰 distairada
2nd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐍃 distairis	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂𐍄 distart	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌰 distairaza
3rd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌸 distairiþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂 distar	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰 distairada
1st dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉𐍃 distairōs	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌿 distēru	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍃 distairats	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌿𐍄𐍃 distēruts	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌼 distairam	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌿𐌼 distērum	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 distairanda
2nd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌸 distairiþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌿𐌸 distēruþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 distairanda
3rd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳 distairand	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌿𐌽 distērun	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 distairanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿 distairau	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌿 distērjau	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 distairaidau
2nd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃 distairais	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 distēreis	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 distairaizau
3rd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹 distairai	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌹 distēri	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 distairaidau
1st dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 distairaiwa	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 distēreiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 distairaits	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 distēreits	—
1st plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 distairaima	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 distēreima	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 distairaindau
2nd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸 distairaiþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌸 distēreiþ	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 distairaindau
3rd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 distairaina	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 distēreina	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 distairaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂 distair
3rd singular	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 distairadau
2nd dual	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍃 distairats
2nd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌸 distairiþ
3rd plural	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 distairandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 distairands	𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 distaurans

Related terms

• 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aftaurnan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (gatairan)
• 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gataurnan)
• 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan)

 

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 137