𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌹𐌽- (in-) + a Germanic root of uncertain etymology, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“blood”) and thus related to 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌿𐌱𐍉 (hraiwadubō, “turtledove”, literally “corpse dove”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inˈrɔhtjan/

Verb

𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (inrauhtjan)

1. to groan
   • John 11:33:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃, 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐍈 𐌹𐌾𐌰 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹 𐌵𐌴𐌼𐌿𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌽𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽.

     þanuh iēsus, sunsei gasaƕ ija greitandein jah iudaiuns þaiei qēmun miþ izai grētandans, inrauhtida ahmin jah inwagida sik silban.

     When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping which came with her, he groaned in the spirit, and was troubled. (KJV)

   • John 11:38a:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌸𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌹𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰.

     þanuh iēsus aftra inrauhtiþs in sis silbin gaggiþ du þamma hlaiwa.

     Jesus therefore again groaning in himself cometh to the grave.

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 inrauhtjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰 inrauhtja	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 inrauhtida	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 inrauhtjada
2nd singular	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍃 inrauhteis	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 inrauhtidēs	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 inrauhtjaza
3rd singular	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 inrauhteiþ	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰 inrauhtida	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 inrauhtjada
1st dual	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐍉𐍃 inrauhtjōs	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 inrauhtidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 inrauhtjats	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 inrauhtidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌼 inrauhtjam	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 inrauhtidēdum	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 inrauhtjanda
2nd plural	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 inrauhteiþ	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 inrauhtidēduþ	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 inrauhtjanda
3rd plural	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 inrauhtjand	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 inrauhtidēdun	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 inrauhtjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjau	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 inrauhtidēdjau	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjaidau
2nd singular	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 inrauhtjais	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 inrauhtidēdeis	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjaizau
3rd singular	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹 inrauhtjai	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 inrauhtidēdi	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjaidau
1st dual	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 inrauhtjaiwa	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 inrauhtidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 inrauhtjaits	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 inrauhtidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 inrauhtjaima	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 inrauhtidēdeima	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjaindau
2nd plural	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 inrauhtjaiþ	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 inrauhtidēdeiþ	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjaindau
3rd plural	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 inrauhtjaina	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 inrauhtidēdeina	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹 inrauhtei
3rd singular	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjadau
2nd dual	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 inrauhtjats
2nd plural	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 inrauhteiþ
3rd plural	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 inrauhtjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 inrauhtjands	𐌹𐌽𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌸𐍃 inrauhtiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 110