πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

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Etymology

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From 𐌹𐌽- (in-) + a Germanic root of uncertain etymology, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *krewhβ‚‚- (β€œblood”) and thus related to πŒ·π‚πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ³πŒΏπŒ±π‰ (hraiwadubō, β€œturtledove”, literally β€œcorpse dove”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (inrauhtjan)

  1. to groan
    • John 11:33:
      𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷 πŒΉπŒ΄πƒπŒΏπƒ, πƒπŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒ΄πŒΉ πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒ°πˆ 𐌹𐌾𐌰 πŒ²π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΏπŒ½πƒ 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌴𐌹 𐌡𐌴𐌼𐌿𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌹 πŒ²π‚πŒ΄π„πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ, πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΉπŒ½π…πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πƒπŒΉπŒΊ πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½.
      ΓΎanuh iΔ“sus, sunsei gasaΖ• ija greitandein jah iudaiuns ΓΎaiei qΔ“mun miΓΎ izai grΔ“tandans, inrauhtida ahmin jah inwagida sik silban.
      When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping which came with her, he groaned in the spirit, and was troubled. (KJV)
    • John 11:38a:
      𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷 πŒΉπŒ΄πƒπŒΏπƒ πŒ°π†π„π‚πŒ° πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒΈπƒ 𐌹𐌽 πƒπŒΉπƒ πƒπŒΉπŒ»πŒ±πŒΉπŒ½ 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 πŒ·πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°.
      ΓΎanuh iΔ“sus aftra inrauhtiΓΎs in sis silbin gaggiΓΎ du ΓΎamma hlaiwa.
      Jesus therefore again groaning in himself cometh to the grave.

Conjugation

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Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
inrauhtjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°
inrauhtja
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
inrauhtida
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
inrauhtjada
2nd singular πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
inrauhteis
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
inrauhtidΔ“s
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
inrauhtjaza
3rd singular πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
inrauhteiΓΎ
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
inrauhtida
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
inrauhtjada
1st dual πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπ‰πƒ
inrauhtjōs
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
inrauhtidΔ“du
β€”
2nd dual πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
inrauhtjats
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
inrauhtidΔ“duts
β€”
1st plural πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
inrauhtjam
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
inrauhtidΔ“dum
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
inrauhtjanda
2nd plural πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
inrauhteiΓΎ
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
inrauhtidΔ“duΓΎ
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
inrauhtjanda
3rd plural πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
inrauhtjand
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
inrauhtidΔ“dun
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
inrauhtjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjau
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtidΔ“djau
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjaidau
2nd singular πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
inrauhtjais
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
inrauhtidΔ“deis
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjaizau
3rd singular πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
inrauhtjai
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
inrauhtidΔ“di
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjaidau
1st dual πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
inrauhtjaiwa
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
inrauhtidΔ“deiwa
β€”
2nd dual πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
inrauhtjaits
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
inrauhtidΔ“deits
β€”
1st plural πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
inrauhtjaima
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
inrauhtidΔ“deima
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjaindau
2nd plural πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
inrauhtjaiΓΎ
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
inrauhtidΔ“deiΓΎ
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjaindau
3rd plural πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
inrauhtjaina
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
inrauhtidΔ“deina
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉ
inrauhtei
3rd singular πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjadau
2nd dual πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
inrauhtjats
2nd plural πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
inrauhteiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
inrauhtjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
inrauhtjands
πŒΉπŒ½π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
inrauhtiΓΎs

Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p.Β 110