𐭪𐭫𐭲

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

• 𐭪𐭥𐭲 (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 (-krty /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (klty /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/) — Inscriptional Pahlavi
• [Book Pahlavi needed] (-krt' /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/) — Book Pahlavi
• -𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (-gyrd) — Manichaean

Etymology

From Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /⁠karta⁠/, “made, done”) (compare [Term?] (/⁠duškarta⁠/, “ill-done”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”); see کردن (kardan) for more. Compare Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”), an Old Iranian borrowing.

Akin to Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕 (dstkrt /⁠dastgird⁠/, “estate”), 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭊𐭓𐭕 (ḥštrkrt /⁠Šahrgird⁠/, “a Sasanian fortress”), Manichaean Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 (rxsyntʾykyrδ /⁠əraxsinder-kird⁠/, “Alexandria [in Roman Egypt]”), and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”), դաստ-ա-կերտ (dast-a-kert, “possession, property; building, village”, literally “handmade”), ձեռ-ա-կերտ (jeṙ-a-kert, “manufacture”), Տիգրան-ա-կերտ (Tigran-a-kert, “Tigranocerta”, literally “founded by Tigran”), Խոսրով-ա-կերտ (Xosrov-a-kert, literally “founded by Khosrov”), Ալաշկերտ (Alaškert), Մանազկերտ (Manazkert), Մանաւազակերտ (Manawazakert), Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért), Turkish Malazgirt, Ancient Greek φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων (phroúrion Giligérdōn).

Compare kltk'.

Suffix

𐭪𐭫𐭲 • (klt /-kirt, -gird/)

1. (literally) made by
   1. suffix forming city names

Derived terms

• 𐫅𐫘𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (dstygyrd), [Book Pahlavi needed] (YDEkrt'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dstkrt'), 𐭣𐭮𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭲 (dstklt /⁠dast(a)gird⁠/, “estate”)
• [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlxsyndrgyrd /⁠Alaxsindargird⁠/, “Alexandria in Roman Egypt”)
• [Book Pahlavi needed] (plʾhwklt /⁠Frāxkard⁠/)
• [Book Pahlavi needed] (plškrt' /⁠fraš(a)gird⁠/)
• 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭪𐭥𐭲 (štrkrty /⁠Šahrgird⁠/, “Sasanian fortress”)
• 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (yzdklty /⁠Yazdgird⁠/), 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 (yzdkrty /⁠Yazdgird⁠/, “Yazdegerd”, literally “made by god”)

Borrowed terms

• → Arabic: جرد (-jird) (transliteration)
• → Old Armenian: -կերտ (-kert)

Descendants

• Persian: گرد (-gerd, -gard), جرد (-jerd), کرت (-kert)
  • دستجرد (dastjerd), دستگرد (dastgerd, “Dastgerd”)
  • سوسنگرد (susangerd, “Susangerd”)
  • دارابگرد (dârâbgard, “Darabgard”)
  • بروجرد (borujerd, “Boroujerd”)
  • بهرامجرد (bahrâmjerd, “Bahramjerd”)
  • ولوگرد (valugerd), ولوجرد (valujerd, “Valujerd”)
  • بشاگرد (bašâgard, “Bashagard”)
  • ملازگرد (malâzgerd, “Malazgirt”)
  • میلاجرد (milâjerd)
  • طغرلجرد (toğroljerd)
  • راهجرد (râhjerd)
  • سامانجرد (sâmânjerd)
  • بارانگرد (bârângerd)
  • بختاجرد
  • بزنجرد
  • ولازجرد (valâzjerd)
  • ولاشجرد (valâšjerd)
  • بهجرد (behjerd)
  • انجرد (anjerd)
  • ساسانجرد (sâsânjerd)
  • شاپورگرد (šâpurgerd)
  • مهرجرد (mehrjerd, “a village and fort”)
  • سیاوش گرد (siyâvaš gerd) attested in Shahnameh
  • *آزادگرد (*-âzâdgerd), attested as اَزَادْجِرْد (azādjird) in al-Istakhri's al-masalik wa al-mamalik
  • ایران گرده (irân gerda, garda?), ایران کرده (irân karda?, “Minar of Firuzabad?”, literally “made by Aryans?”) (hapax in Fars-Nama of Ibn al-Bakhi)