-aista
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Probably from -ita (stem -itse-) with re-extracted -a-, with -ts- reduced first in participle forms to -s- and then applied by analogy to other forms.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-aista (front vowel harmony variant -äistä, stem -aise-, linguistic notation -Aise- or -AistA)
Usage notes edit
Applied mainly to transitive verbs. Momentane intransitive verbs are more commonly derived with the suffix -ahtaa.
Conjugation edit
| Inflection of -aista (Kotus type 66/rohkaista, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -aisen | en -aise | 1st sing. | olen -aissut | en ole -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -aiset | et -aise | 2nd sing. | olet -aissut | et ole -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -aisee | ei -aise | 3rd sing. | on -aissut | ei ole -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -aisemme | emme -aise | 1st plur. | olemme -aisseet | emme ole -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -aisette | ette -aise | 2nd plur. | olette -aisseet | ette ole -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -aisevat | eivät -aise | 3rd plur. | ovat -aisseet | eivät ole -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -aistaan | ei -aista | passive | on -aistu | ei ole -aistu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -aisin | en -aissut | 1st sing. | olin -aissut | en ollut -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -aisit | et -aissut | 2nd sing. | olit -aissut | et ollut -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -aisi | ei -aissut | 3rd sing. | oli -aissut | ei ollut -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -aisimme | emme -aisseet | 1st plur. | olimme -aisseet | emme olleet -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -aisitte | ette -aisseet | 2nd plur. | olitte -aisseet | ette olleet -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -aisivat | eivät -aisseet | 3rd plur. | olivat -aisseet | eivät olleet -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -aistiin | ei -aistu | passive | oli -aistu | ei ollut -aistu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -aisisin | en -aisisi | 1st sing. | olisin -aissut | en olisi -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -aisisit | et -aisisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -aissut | et olisi -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -aisisi | ei -aisisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -aissut | ei olisi -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -aisisimme | emme -aisisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -aisseet | emme olisi -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -aisisitte | ette -aisisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -aisseet | ette olisi -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -aisisivat | eivät -aisisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -aisseet | eivät olisi -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -aistaisiin | ei -aistaisi | passive | olisi -aistu | ei olisi -aistu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -aise | älä -aise | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -aiskoon | älköön -aisko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -aissut | älköön olko -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -aiskaamme | älkäämme -aisko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -aiskaa | älkää -aisko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -aiskoot | älkööt -aisko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -aisseet | älkööt olko -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -aistakoon | älköön -aistako | passive | olkoon -aistu | älköön olko -aistu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | -aissen | en -aisse | 1st sing. | lienen -aissut | en liene -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | -aisset | et -aisse | 2nd sing. | lienet -aissut | et liene -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | -aissee | ei -aisse | 3rd sing. | lienee -aissut | ei liene -aissut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | -aissemme | emme -aisse | 1st plur. | lienemme -aisseet | emme liene -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | -aissette | ette -aisse | 2nd plur. | lienette -aisseet | ette liene -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | -aissevat | eivät -aisse | 3rd plur. | lienevät -aisseet | eivät liene -aisseet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | -aistaneen | ei -aistane | passive | lienee -aistu | ei liene -aistu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | -aista | present | -aiseva | -aistava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | -aissut | -aistu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | -aistessa | -aistaessa | agent3 | -aisema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | -aisematon | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -aisten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | -aisemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | -aisemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | -aisemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | -aisemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | -aisematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | -aiseman | -aistaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | -aiseminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.