-al

See also: Appendix:Variations of "al"

Contents

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From the Latin adjective suffix -ālis, or French, Middle French and Old French -el, -al. Likely, the aforementioned Latin suffix is formed from Etruscan genitive suffix -l (as in ati mother / atial mother's) + adjectival suffix -is (as in fortis, debilis, etc.).

Alternative formsEdit

• -all (obsolete)

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /əl/

SuffixEdit

-al

1. of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.

   base, basal

   cranium, cranial

2. Forming nouns, especially of verbal action.

   e.g. rival, proposal, denial

Usage notesEdit

If the root word contains l, the variant -ar is often used instead (e.g. solar, lunar, columnar, lumbar). Sometimes both forms are found: linear, lineal. One also sees -ial, as in manorial.

As nominalizer, some verbs have two corresponding nouns, one ending in -al and the other in -tion/-sion (more common suffix), with one or the other being more common, sometimes with different nuances. Notable examples: disposition/disposal (dispose), proposition/proposal (propose), submission/submittal (submit), transmission/transmittal (transmit). Some superficial pairs are actually of different origin, notably reversion/reversal (revert/reverse, not both from reverse).

Derived termsEdit

• (of or pertaining to): Category:English words suffixed with -al
• (forming nouns, especially of verbal action.): arousal, arrival, bestowal, betrothal, burial, denial, disposal, proposal, rival, reversal, removal, submittal, transmittal
• -ical

See alsoEdit

• -ing
• -tion (-ion, -sion)
• -ure

Etymology 2Edit

Extracted from the word "aldehyde"

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /æl/

SuffixEdit

-al

1. (organic chemistry) Forms the names of aldehydes.

TranslationsEdit

aldehyde

• Danish: -al
• Dutch: -al (nl)

• Galician: -al (gl)

AnagramsEdit

• L. A., L.A., LA, La, La-, La., la, lä

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AbenakiEdit

SuffixEdit

-al

1. A suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words.

   pessimen (“currant”) → pessimenal (“currants”)

   wôbigen (“it is white”) → wôbigenal (“they are white”)

Usage notesEdit

• -al is the most common suffix used to form the plurals of inanimate words, including most body parts and some words ending in the vowel a.
• See the usage notes at -ak.

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CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin -ālis.

PronunciationEdit

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈ-al/

SuffixEdit

-al (feminine -ala, masculine plural -als, feminine plural -ales)

1. In adjectives, indicating relation.

   estructura (“structure”) → estructural (“structural”).

Derived termsEdit

► Catalan words suffixed with -al

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DanishEdit

SuffixEdit

-al

1. (organic chemistry) -al

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DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ɑl/

SuffixEdit

-al

1. (organic chemistry) -al

SynonymsEdit

• oxo-

Derived termsEdit

► Dutch words suffixed with -al

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EsperantoEdit

SuffixEdit

-al

1. for [...] reason (ending for correlatives of reason)

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from -al

• alial (“for another reason”)
• ĉial (“for every reason”)

• ial (“for any/some reason”)
• kial (“for what reason, why”)

• nenial (“for no reason”)
• tial (“for that reason, therefore”)

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FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle French, from Old French -al, borrowed from Latin -ālis. Cognate to French -el, which is also from Latin -ālis but inherited (not borrowed).

SuffixEdit

-al

1. -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also)

Derived termsEdit

► French words suffixed with -al

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GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin -ālis.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): [aːl]

SuffixEdit

-al

1. pertaining to, using; adjectival suffix appended to nouns

Derived termsEdit

► German words suffixed with -al

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HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

-a- +‎ -l

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): [ɒl]

SuffixEdit

-al

1. (verb suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.

   szárny (“a wing”) → szárnyal (“to soar”)

2. (noun suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun (no longer productive in this role).

   von (“to pull”) → vonal (“line”)

Usage notesEdit

• (verb suffix) Variants:

  -l is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final long vowels may shorten, e.g. ű → ü.

  -ol is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -al is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -el is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öl is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ál is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

• (noun suffix) Variants:

  -al is added to back vowel words

  -el is added to front vowel words

Derived termsEdit

► Hungarian verbs suffixed with -al

► Hungarian nouns suffixed with -al

See alsoEdit

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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LeponticEdit

SuffixEdit

-al • (-al)

1. Romanization of -𐌀𐌋

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NormanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French -al, borrowed from Borrowing from Latin -ālis.

SuffixEdit

-al

1. -al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form)

Derived termsEdit

► Norman words suffixed with -al

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NovialEdit

SuffixEdit

-al

1. Short form of -ali.

Usage notesEdit

• Remove the last vowel (except 'u') of the given noun before appending this suffix to it.

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Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

• -el

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin -ālis. Compare the inherited -el.

SuffixEdit

-al

1. suffix used to form adjectives from nouns

   mesnal ― domestic; household

   (from mesnee)

DescendantsEdit

• Middle French: -al
  • French: -al

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PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈaɫ/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈaw/

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Portuguese -al, from Latin -ālis.

SuffixEdit

-al (plural -ais)

1. appended to noun X, forms adjectives meaning “of or pertaining to X”

   abismo (“abyss”) + ‎-al → ‎abismal (“abyssal; abysmal”)

   indústria (“factory; industry”) + ‎-al → ‎industrial (“industrial”)

2. forms synonyms of adjectives containing the suffix -ico

   angélico (“angelic”) + ‎-al → ‎angelical (“angelical”)

3. appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a collection X” or “a large quantity of X”

   ninho (“nest”) + ‎-al → ‎ninhal (“a bunch of nests”)

   edito (“edict”) + ‎-al → ‎edital (“notice board”)

4. appended to noun X, forms nouns meaning “a place where there is plenty of X”

   pedra (“rock”) + ‎-al → ‎pedregal (“a rocky field”)

   colmeia (“beehive”) + ‎-al → ‎colmeal (“a place with many beehives”)

5. appended to the name of a plant, forms nouns meaning “a field where that plant is cultivated”

   trigo (“wheat”) + ‎-al → ‎trigal (“wheatfield”)

   sobreiro (“cork oak”) + ‎-al → ‎sobreiral (“an orchard of cork oaks”)

SynonymsEdit

• (of or pertaining to): -ar, -ário, -eal, -eiro, -ial, -ico, -inal
• (collection): -ário
• (place with plenty of something): -açal, -egal, -eiro

Etymology 2Edit

From the first syllable of álcool (“alcohol”) and aldeído (“aldehyde”).

SuffixEdit

-al m

1. (chemistry) forms the names of alcohols
2. (chemistry) forms the names of aldehydes

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SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin -ālis.

SuffixEdit

-al (plural -ales)

1. In adjectives, indicating relation

   cultura (“culture”) + ‎-al → ‎cultural (“cultural”).

2. In nouns, indicating a place where something is grown

   maíz (“corn”) + ‎-al → ‎maizal (“corn field”)

   naranja (“orange”) + ‎-al → ‎naranjal (“orange grove”)

SynonymsEdit

• (indicating a place): -ar

Derived termsEdit

► Spanish words suffixed with -al

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SwedishEdit

SuffixEdit

-al

1. -al, of or pertaining to; forming an adjective from a noun

Derived termsEdit

► Swedish words suffixed with -al

See alsoEdit

• -ell
• -ig
• -isk
• -lig
• -sam