-ca

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ca"

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡sɒ]

Suffix

-ca

1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a noun or a proper noun to form a diminutive.

   Teréz (“Teresa”) → Teca (“Tessa”)

Usage notes

• (diminutive suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -ca is added to back vowel words

  -ce is added to front vowel words

Derived terms

► Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ca

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Latin

Etymology 1

Declined forms of -cus (adjectival suffix).

Pronunciation

• -ca: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ka/
• -ca: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ka/
• -cā: (Classical) IPA^(key): /kaː/
• -cā: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ka/

Suffix

-ca

1. nominative feminine singular of -cus
2. nominative neuter plural of -cus
3. accusative neuter plural of -cus
4. vocative feminine singular of -cus
5. vocative neuter plural of -cus

Suffix

-cā

1. ablative feminine singular of -cus

Etymology 2

Declined forms of -cum (nominal suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ka/
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ka/

Suffix

-ca n

1. nominative plural of -cum
2. accusative plural of -cum
3. vocative plural of -cum

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ukô, equivalent to -oc +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑ/

Suffix

-ca

1. Creates concrete masculine nouns from adjectives or verbs, usually typifying a condition or state, or characterising a diminutive aspect.

Declension

Declension of -ca (weak)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	-ca	-can
accusative	-can	-can
genitive	-can	-cena
dative	-can	-cum

Derived terms

► Old English words suffixed with -ca

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Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ьca

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sa/

Suffix

-ca m pers

1. Forms agent nouns

Declension

declension of -ca

	singular	plural
nominative	-ca	-cy
genitive	-cy	-ców
dative	-cy	-com
accusative	-cę	-ców
instrumental	-cą	-cami
locative	-cy	-cach
vocative	-co	-cy

Derived terms

► Polish words suffixed with -ca

See also

-czyni f

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Serbo-Croatian

Suffix

-ca (Cyrillic spelling -ца)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually a diminutive form expressing endearment.

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Turkish

Suffix

-ca

1. like, -like, -ly; -ish; as if, as though; in the way of
2. Used to form adverbs from nouns and adjectives.

   ‎aptal (“idiot, idiotic”) + ‎-ca → ‎aptalca (“idiotically”)

3. -ish: Used to form languages from a demonym/nationality.

   ‎İspanyol (“Spaniard, Spanish”) + ‎-ca → ‎İspanyolca (“Spanish language”) (literally "like a Spaniard")

4. -ian, -ese: Used to form languages the name of a country or region.

   ‎İzlanda (“Iceland”) + ‎-ca → ‎İzlandaca (“Icelandic language”) (literally "in the way of Iceland")

   ‎Malta (“Malta”) + ‎-ca → ‎Maltaca (“Maltese language”)

Usage notes

• It is used when the nationality word's last vowel is one of "a", "ı", "o" or "u" and the last consonant is one of "b", "c", "d", "g", "ğ", "j", "l", "m", "n", "r", "v", "y" or "z"
• It can become -ce, -ça, -çe according to the last vowel and the last consonant of the word.

Derived terms

► Turkish words suffixed with -ca