-ior
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ior"
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *-jōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs, for original **-yoss, i.e. the s-stem *-yos- with masculine nominative *-s. The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases. Afterwards nom.sg. -iōr > -ior, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in the r-stems (soror, -tor, -or), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /i.or/, [iɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i.or/, [ior] (stressed on the antepenult)
Suffix edit
-ior m or f (neuter -ius); third declension
- forms adjectives’ comparative degrees
- esculentus → esculentior
- pūtidus → pūtidior
- ulter → ulterior (not *ultrior)
Usage notes edit
- This suffix is usually appended to the oblique stem of the adjective’s absolute degree.
Declension edit
Third-declension comparative adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
Nominative | -ior | -ius | -iōrēs | -iōra | |
Genitive | -iōris | -iōrum | |||
Dative | -iōrī | -iōribus | |||
Accusative | -iōrem | -ius | -iōrēs | -iōra | |
Ablative | -iōre | -iōribus | |||
Vocative | -ior | -ius | -iōrēs | -iōra |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- -issimus (suffix forming adjectives’ superlative degrees)
References edit
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Further reading edit
- “-ior” on page 964/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Suffix edit
-ior m (plural -iori, feminine -ioară, feminine plural -ioare)
Usage notes edit
The "i" sometimes leads to the palitalization of the previous consonant and gets subsequently deleted.