AD

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ad"

Translingual

Symbol

AD

1. The ISO 3166-1 two-letter (alpha-2) code for Andorra.

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English

Alternative forms

• A.D.
• (anno Domini) A. D.

Pronunciation

• audio (US)

  (file)

Adverb

AD

1. (often punctuated) Initialism of anno Domini (borrowed from Latin); in the year of our Lord.

   They had a vibrant culture from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD.

   Today is 19 October AD 2021.

Usage notes

• The initialism is used to specify numbered years counting from the once estimated birth of Christ in year 1.
• The Chicago Manual of Style, as well as most house styles, requires placing AD before the number of the year and BC after, although in casual use either abbreviation can be found in either place. It is placed after centuries. It is often printed in small caps.
• Some use CE, for "Common Era", which is more secular in nature, to avoid potential Christian bias.
• "AD" is not normally used in expressions like "in the year AD 1990", since in such a year it is taken for granted (and it is also redundant, literally meaning "in the year in the year of our Lord 1990"). In "Vesuvius erupted in AD 79", it is expected.

Synonyms

• (anno Domini): AC, A.C. (anno Christi); anno Domini, Anno Domini, CE, Christian Era, in the year of our Lord

Antonyms

• (anno Domini): AC, A.C. (ante Christum); b.c., BC, B.C. (before Christ); BCE

Translations

anno Domini

• Arabic: please add this translation if you can
• Armenian: մ.թ. (m.tʿ.), Ք.հ. (Kʿ.h.)
• Bulgarian: сл. Хр. (sl. Hr.) (след Xpиста)
• Catalan: dC (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 公元 (zh) (gōngyuán)

• Czech: po Kr. (cs) (po Kristu), AD
• Danish: e.Kr. (efter Kristus)
• Dutch: n. Chr (na Christus)
• Esperanto: p.K. (eo) (post Kristo)
• Finnish: jKr. (fi) (jälkeen Kristuksen)
• French: ap. J.-C. (fr), apr. J.-C. (fr) (après Jésus-Christ); en l'an de grâce (archaic)
• Georgian: ახ. წ. (ax. c̣.), ჩვ. წ. (ka) (čv. c̣.)
• German: n. Chr. (de) (nach Christus, nach Christo); n. Chr. Geb., n. Chr. G. (nach Christi Geburt)
• Greek: μ.Χ. (el) (m.Ch.) (metá Christón)
• Hungarian: Kr. u. (hu) (Krisztus után)
• Indonesian: Masehi (id)
• Italian: d.C. (dopo Cristo)

• Japanese: 西暦 (ja) (seireki), 紀元 (ja) (kigen)
• Khmer: គ.ស. (km) (kɔɔ sɑɑ), គ្រិស្តសករាជ​ (krɨh sa’kraac)
• Korean: 기원후 (ko) (giwonhu)
• Latin: A. C., AC (la) (anno Christi); A. D., AD (la) (anno Domini); p. Chr. n. (la), p. Chr. (la) (post Christum [natum])
• Lithuanian: po Kr. (po Kristaus)
• Malay: M (Masihi)
• Navajo: Doodaatsaahii biʼdizhchį́į́ dóó bikʼijįʼ
• Polish: po Chr. (pl) (po Chrystusie); p.n.Chr. (po narodzeniu Chrystusa)
• Portuguese: DC (pt), d.C. (pt) (depois de Cristo)
• Romanian: d.Hr. (după Hristos)
• Russian: по́сле Р. Хр. (pósle R. Xr.); н. э. (n. e.)
• Slovak: po Kr. (po Kristovi)
• Spanish: d.C. (después de Cristo)
• Swedish: e.Kr. (sv) (efter Kristus)
• Tagalog: M.K. (Mula kay Kristo)
• Thai: ค.ศ. (th) (kɔɔ.sɔ̌ɔ.)

Noun

AD (plural ADs)

1. (film) Initialism of assistant director.
2. (military) Initialism of air defence or air defense.
3. (pharmacology) Initialism of antidepressant.
4. (US, Navy) Initialism of auxiliary destroyer (a naval tender, a destroyer tender that tends to destroyers).
5. (uncountable, pathology) Initialism of Alzheimer's disease.
   • 2015 — Larochelle, Stéphane (December 2015). "STOMPing at the bits". Nature Methods 12 (12): 1114. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3679. Retrieved 19 February 2016.

     Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), involve pathological protein deposits.

6. (aviation) Initialism of airworthiness directive.
7. (business) Initialism of anti-dumping.
8. (television) Abbreviation of audio description.

Coordinate terms

• (destroyer tender): AS

Proper noun

AD

1. Abu Dhabi

Anagrams

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

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Indonesian

Noun

AD

1. Initialism of angkatan darat.
2. Initialism of anggaran dasar.
3. Initialism of anno Domini.

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Italian

Noun

AD m or f

1. Initialism of amministratore delegato (“CEO”).

Anagrams

• da, da', dà

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Swedish

Proper noun

AD c (genitive AD:s)

1. Abbreviation of Arbetsdomstolen (“Labour Court”). (the Swedish Labour Court)

Noun

AD ?

1. a combination of vitamin A and D, given to children (in 2008 replaced by only vitamin D)
2. Initialism of art director.
3. (soccer) Initialism of assisterande domare (“assistant referee”).

See also

• AD-droppar

Anagrams

• da, da.