Wiktionary

Appendix:Estonian Swadesh list

This is a Swadesh list of words in Estonian, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation edit

The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist w:Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:

  • a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
  • a reduced 100 words version.

This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikivoyage lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.

List edit

No. English Estonian
eesti keel
1 I mina, ma
2 you (singular) sina, sa
3 he, she, it tema, ta
4 we meie, me
5 you (plural) teie, te
6 they nemad, nad
7 this see
8 that too
9 here siin
10 there seal
11 who kes
12 what mis
13 where kus
14 when millal
15 how kuidas
16 not mitte
17 all kõik
18 many palju, mitu
19 some mõni, mõned
20 few vähe
21 other teine
22 one üks
23 two kaks
24 three kolm
25 four neli
26 five viis
27 big suur
28 long pikk
29 wide lai
30 thick paks
31 heavy raske
32 small väike
33 short lühike
34 narrow kitsas
35 thin õhuke, peenike
36 woman naine
37 man (adult male) mees
38 man (human being) inimene
39 child laps
40 wife abikaasa, naine
41 husband abikaasa, mees
42 mother ema
43 father isa
44 animal loom
45 fish kala
46 bird lind
47 dog koer
48 louse täi
49 snake madu, uss
50 worm uss
51 tree puu
52 forest mets
53 stick kepp
54 fruit vili, puuvili
55 seed seeme
56 leaf leht
57 root juur
58 bark (of a tree) koor
59 flower õis, lill
60 grass rohi
61 rope köis
62 skin nahk
63 meat liha
64 blood veri
65 bone kont, luu
66 fat (noun) rasv
67 egg muna
68 horn sarv
69 tail saba
70 feather sulg
71 hair juuksed
72 head pea
73 ear kõrv
74 eye silm
75 nose nina
76 mouth suu
77 tooth hammas
78 tongue (organ) keel
79 fingernail küüs
80 foot jalg
81 leg jalg
82 knee põlv
83 hand käsi
84 wing tiib
85 belly kõht
86 guts sisikond, soolikad
87 neck kael
88 back selg
89 breast rind
90 heart süda
91 liver maks
92 to drink jooma
93 to eat sööma
94 to bite hammustama
95 to suck imema
96 to spit sülitama
97 to vomit oksendama
98 to blow puhuma
99 to breathe hingama
100 to laugh naerma
101 to see nägema
102 to hear kuulma
103 to know teadma
104 to think mõtlema
105 to smell haistma, tundma
106 to fear kartma
107 to sleep magama
108 to live elama
109 to die surema
110 to kill tapma
111 to fight võitlema, kaklema
112 to hunt küttima
113 to hit lööma
114 to cut lõikama
115 to split lõhestama
116 to stab pussitama
117 to scratch kratsima, sügama
118 to dig kaevama
119 to swim ujuma
120 to fly lendama
121 to walk kõndima
122 to come tulema
123 to lie (as in a bed) lamama (state)
124 to sit istuma (state)
125 to stand seisma (state)
126 to turn (intransitive) pöörama, keerama
127 to fall kukkuma, langema
128 to give andma
129 to hold hoidma
130 to squeeze suruma, pressima
131 to rub hõõruma
132 to wash pesema
133 to wipe pühkima
134 to pull tõmbama
135 to push tõukama
136 to throw heitma
137 to tie siduma
138 to sew õmblema
139 to count loendama
140 to say ütlema
141 to sing laulma
142 to play mängima
143 to float hõljuma, ujuma
144 to flow voolama
145 to freeze külmuma
146 to swell paistetama
147 sun päike
148 moon kuu
149 star täht
150 water vesi
151 rain vihm
152 river jõgi
153 lake järv
154 sea meri
155 salt sool
156 stone kivi
157 sand liiv
158 dust tolm
159 earth maa, muld
160 cloud pilv
161 fog udu
162 sky taevas
163 wind tuul
164 snow lumi
165 ice jää
166 smoke suits
167 fire tuli
168 ash tuhk
169 to burn põlema
170 road tee
171 mountain mägi
172 red punane
173 green roheline
174 yellow kollane
175 white valge
176 black must
177 night öö
178 day päev
179 year aasta
180 warm soe
181 cold külm
182 full täis
183 new uus
184 old vana
185 good hea
186 bad halb
187 rotten mäda
188 dirty must, määrdunud
189 straight sirge, otse
190 round ümar
191 sharp (as a knife) terav
192 dull (as a knife) nüri
193 smooth sile
194 wet märg
195 dry kuiv
196 correct õige
197 near lähedal
198 far kauge
199 right parem
200 left vasak
201 at juures
202 in sees
203 with koos
204 and ja
205 if kui
206 because sest; sellepärast, et; seepärast, et
207 name nimi

See also edit

Bibliography edit

  • Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - →ISBN

Further reading edit

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template)
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Estonian_Swadesh_list&oldid=60435382"