Klar (1977)
edit
no. |
gloss |
Proto-Chumash |
Proto-Southern Chumash |
notes
|
1 |
advise, to |
*si/umun |
|
|
2 |
all |
|
*yimlaʔ |
|
3 |
alone |
*l-ho |
|
|
4 |
already |
*kVla- |
|
|
5 |
ant |
*tkaya’ |
|
plus sound symbolism
|
6 |
armpit |
*ti/uq’olo(lo) |
|
stem: *q'olo(lo)
|
7 |
arrive |
*ki/um |
|
|
8 |
arrow |
|
*ya' |
|
9 |
arroyo |
*l’VmV |
|
|
10 |
ascend |
*-nVpa |
|
|
11 |
ashamed, to be |
*-nos- |
|
|
12 |
ashes |
*qSa |
|
|
13 |
ask, to |
*-VsqVnV |
|
|
14 |
back (body part) |
*mVtV’ |
|
|
15 |
ball |
*-apapa |
|
reduplicated stem
|
16 |
bat (animal) |
*mVkala |
|
|
17 |
bathe, to |
*k-ep’ |
|
|
18 |
bear (animal) |
*qus |
|
|
19 |
bee |
*olo |
|
plus sound symbolism
|
20 |
begin, to |
*-nVna’ |
|
reduplicated stem?
|
21 |
blow, to |
*aq-(tV)-p-; *-kVt |
*-wu- |
|
22 |
boil, to |
*-wi- |
|
|
23 |
bone |
*Se |
|
|
24 |
bow (noun) |
*aqa |
|
|
25 |
break, to |
*k’oto; *eqe |
|
|
26 |
breast |
*kVtet |
|
|
27 |
breathe; breath |
*kal-haS; *-haS |
|
|
28 |
bring, to |
*kVlhi |
|
|
29 |
burn, to |
*qi/ut |
|
|
30 |
cost, to |
*piw’ |
|
|
31 |
carry, to |
*kum |
|
|
32 |
carry on back, to |
*sVpV |
|
|
33 |
cheek |
|
*po' |
|
34 |
chest (body part) |
*kVwV |
|
|
35 |
chia |
*’epV- |
|
|
36 |
canoe |
|
*tomolo |
|
37 |
clitoris |
*Cele ~ *C’ele |
|
|
38 |
cold, to feel |
*toqom ~ *qotom |
|
|
39 |
comb, to |
*ti/ukikS |
|
|
40 |
come, to |
*yit-i; *VlhVw |
|
|
41 |
concerned with, to be |
*tak |
|
|
42 |
cooked |
*pSel |
|
|
43 |
cough, to |
*oqoqo- |
|
reduplicated stem; onomatopoetic
|
44 |
cover, to |
*Vqmay |
|
|
45 |
crack, split, to |
*-eqe |
|
|
46 |
cut, to |
*’iwa |
|
plus reduplication
|
47 |
dark-colored, to be |
*Soy |
|
|
48 |
day |
*qSi; *-iSa- |
|
|
49 |
deaf |
*tu’ |
|
|
50 |
deep |
*l-hiy |
|
|
51 |
die, to |
*qSa |
|
|
52 |
dirt |
*uyu |
|
|
53 |
drink; thirsty, to be |
*aq-mihi-l-ha; *o- |
|
|
54 |
ear |
*tu’ |
|
|
55 |
earth |
|
*šup |
|
56 |
eat, to |
*uw |
|
|
57 |
eye, face |
*tVq |
|
|
58 |
eyes, face, having to do with |
*weqe |
|
|
59 |
far, to be |
*mVkV |
|
|
60 |
fat |
*qilhi |
|
|
61 |
fight, to |
*aqi/u |
|
|
62 |
fire |
*ne |
|
|
63 |
flower |
*pey’ |
|
|
64 |
flea |
*-tep (Proto-Central Chumash) |
|
|
65 |
fly (insect) |
*axulpes |
|
|
66 |
follow, to |
*pey |
|
|
67 |
food (cf eat) |
*uw- |
|
*uw- 'eat' plus *-mu (nominalizing suffix)
|
68 |
foot |
*teme’ |
|
|
69 |
forget, to |
*may |
|
|
70 |
full from eating, to be |
*qti’ |
|
|
71 |
get up, to |
*kVta’ |
|
|
72 |
gopher snake |
*pSoSo |
|
reduplicated stem
|
73 |
grasshopper |
*ti/uqu |
|
root: *-qu
|
74 |
gull sp. |
*miyV |
|
|
75 |
hair, fur |
*SuSV |
|
reduplicated stem?
|
76 |
hand |
*pu |
|
|
77 |
hang, to |
*wayan ~ *waya |
|
|
78 |
hear, to |
*taq |
|
|
79 |
heel |
*’ososo |
|
reduplicated stem
|
80 |
hello (greeting) |
*haku |
|
|
81 |
hole |
*loq |
|
|
82 |
hole, cave, den |
*Si ~ *SiSV |
|
|
83 |
homosexual, to be |
*’aqi’ |
|
|
84 |
jimson weed |
*mom’oy |
|
from *moy
|
85 |
knee |
*pVm’V |
|
|
86 |
knife |
*’iw |
|
|
87 |
lie down, to |
*toy’ ~ *ton’ |
|
|
88 |
liver |
*c-al’a |
|
|
89 |
look, to |
*kuti ~ *kuti’ |
|
|
90 |
louse |
*Seke |
|
|
91 |
low tide |
*qVw |
|
|
92 |
many, much |
*equ |
|
|
93 |
meat, body |
*’Vmin’ |
|
|
94 |
moist, to be |
*so’ |
|
|
95 |
money; clam sp. |
*’ala-qu-Cum ~ *’ana-qu-Cum |
|
*Cum is the root
|
96 |
mosquito |
*pewe(we)’ |
|
|
97 |
mother-in-law |
*mVSV |
|
|
98 |
mountain lion |
*tVkem’ |
|
|
99 |
mouse |
*qlo |
|
plus reduplication
|
100 |
mouth |
*’Vk |
|
|
101 |
name |
*ti |
|
|
102 |
neck |
*ni’ |
|
|
103 |
necklace |
*el’ |
|
|
104 |
nerve |
*pilhil |
|
|
105 |
nest |
*patV ~ *patV’ |
|
|
106 |
new, to be |
*VmVn |
|
|
107 |
now |
*kipV(’) |
|
|
108 |
oak spp. |
*kuwu(’) |
|
|
109 |
one-eyed, to be |
*ta’ |
|
|
110 |
open, to |
*kal |
|
|
111 |
overcast, to be |
*iqVmay |
|
|
112 |
pelican |
*sew |
|
|
113 |
person |
*ku |
|
|
114 |
pet |
*qo’ |
|
|
115 |
pick up, lift, raise |
*lay |
|
|
116 |
prickly pear |
*qV’ |
|
|
117 |
quail |
*takaka |
|
onomatopoetic
|
118 |
rabbit/jackrabbit |
*ma’; *kuni’ |
|
|
119 |
rain, to |
*tuhuy ~ *tuy |
|
|
120 |
red |
*qupe |
|
|
121 |
roadrunner |
*pu’ |
|
|
122 |
rub, to |
*muy |
|
|
123 |
salt |
*tepu(’) ~ *tipu(’) |
|
|
124 |
save (rescue), to |
*apay |
|
|
125 |
seed |
*’VmVn’ |
|
|
126 |
skunk |
*tVqema |
|
|
127 |
smoke |
*tuwo’ |
|
|
128 |
snail, sea |
*q’VmV’ |
|
|
129 |
speak, say, to |
*’ipi(’) |
|
|
130 |
split-stick rattle |
*wanS-aq’a ~ *wacs-aq’a |
|
|
131 |
spread open |
*kek-an |
|
|
132 |
squirrel, ground |
*emet’ ~ *em’et’ |
|
|
133 |
steps |
*tVyV- |
|
|
134 |
stick to, to |
*pey ~ *pey’ |
|
|
135 |
sticky, to be |
*pilhiy |
|
|
136 |
stone, rock |
*qVpV |
|
|
137 |
straight |
*tyiyeme ? |
|
|
138 |
swordfish |
*’eleyewun’ |
|
|
139 |
tadpole |
*qlo ~ *qyo |
|
root: 'small creature' (cf. mouse)
|
140 |
tail |
*telheq’ |
|
|
141 |
take off, to |
*qe |
|
|
142 |
tears |
*tinik’ |
|
|
143 |
tongue |
*’elhew’ |
|
|
144 |
tooth |
*Sa |
|
|
145 |
urinate, to |
*Sol’ |
|
|
146 |
vomit |
*paS(V) |
|
|
147 |
walk, to |
- |
|
|
148 |
warm self, to |
*mol |
|
|
149 |
water |
*’o’ |
|
|
150 |
whale |
*paqat(V) |
|
|
151 |
wood, tree, stick |
*pono’ |
|
|
152 |
woodpecker |
*pVlak’a(k’) |
|
|
153 |
wrinkled |
*Sok’ |
|
plus reduplication
|
154 |
yawn |
*San |
|
plus reduplication
|
155 |
yellow jacket |
*ɨyɨ ~ *ɨyɨ’ |
|
|
References
edit
- ^ Klar, Kathryn A. 1977. Topics in Historical Chumash Grammar. Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.