Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þinhaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to be suitable”). Possibly related to Lithuanian tikti, Lithuanian patikti, Latvian tikt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθĩː.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þinhaną

1. to thrive

Inflection

Conjugation of *þinhaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þinhō	*þinhaų	—	*þinhai	?
2nd singular	*þinhizi	*þinhaiz	*þinh	*þinhazai	*þinhaizau
3rd singular	*þinhidi	*þinhai	*þinhadau	*þinhadai	*þinhaidau
1st dual	*þinhōz	*þinhaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þinhadiz	*þinhaidiz	*þinhadiz	—	—
1st plural	*þinhamaz	*þinhaim	—	*þinhandai	*þinhaindau
2nd plural	*þinhid	*þinhaid	*þinhid	*þinhandai	*þinhaindau
3rd plural	*þinhandi	*þinhain	*þinhandau	*þinhandai	*þinhaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þanh	*þungį̄
2nd singular	*þanht	*þungīz
3rd singular	*þanh	*þungī
1st dual	*þungū	*þungīw
2nd dual	*þungudiz	*þungīdiz
1st plural	*þungum	*þungīm
2nd plural	*þungud	*þungīd
3rd plural	*þungun	*þungīn
	present	past
participles	*þinhandz	*þunganaz

Derived terms

• *gaþinhaną

Descendants

After -inh- had become -į̄h-, this verb was shifted to the first strong class by analogy in most daughter languages, but not in Old English. Old English also shows a secondary formation with leveling of Verner's alternation, probably back-formed to the lexicalized original past participle ġeþungen (“grown, thriven”).

• Proto-West Germanic: *þį̄han
  • Old English: þīon, þēon, ġeþingan
    • Middle English: theen
      • Scots: thee, the
      • English: thee
  • Old Frisian: thīgia
    • Saterland Frisian: tiegje
    • West Frisian: dije
  • Old Saxon: thīhan
    • Middle Low German: dîen, dîgen
      • Low German: deen
      • German Low German: dejen
        • → Saterland Frisian: däie
  • Old Dutch: thīan
    • Middle Dutch: diën
      • Dutch: dijen
  • Old High German: thīhan, dīhan
    • Middle High German: dīhen
      • German: gedeihen, gediegen
      • Luxembourgish: gedeien
      • Yiddish: געדײַען (gedayen)
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (þeihan)