Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bindaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéndʰ-e-ti, from *bʰendʰ- (“to tie”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈbin.dɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*bindaną^[1]^[2]

to bind, to tie

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *bindaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bindō	*bindaų	—	*bindai	?
2nd singular	*bindizi	*bindaiz	*bind	*bindazai	*bindaizau
3rd singular	*bindidi	*bindai	*bindadau	*bindadai	*bindaidau
1st dual	*bindōz	*bindaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bindadiz	*bindaidiz	*bindadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bindamaz	*bindaim	—	*bindandai	*bindaindau
2nd plural	*bindid	*bindaid	*bindid	*bindandai	*bindaindau
3rd plural	*bindandi	*bindain	*bindandau	*bindandai	*bindaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*band	*bundį̄
2nd singular	*banst	*bundīz
3rd singular	*band	*bundī
1st dual	*bundū	*bundīw
2nd dual	*bundudiz	*bundīdiz
1st plural	*bundum	*bundīm
2nd plural	*bundud	*bundīd
3rd plural	*bundun	*bundīn

	present	past
participles	*bindandz	*bundanaz

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *bindan
- Old English: bindan
  - Middle English: binden, bynden
    - English: bind
    - Scots: bind
- Old Frisian: binda
  - North Frisian:
    Helgoland: bin
    Föhr-Amrum and Sylt: binj
    Mooring: bine
  - Saterland Frisian: biende
  - West Frisian: bine
- Old Saxon: bindan
  - Middle Low German: binden
    - Low German: binnen
    - Plautdietsch: binjen
- Old Dutch: *bindan
  - Middle Dutch: binden
    - Dutch: binden
      - Afrikaans: bind
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: bendi
      - Negerhollands: bind, bint, bin
    - Limburgish: binje
- Old High German: bintan
  - Middle High German: binden
    - Bavarian: bindn
    - German: binden
    - Luxembourgish: bannen
Old Norse: binda
- Icelandic: binda
- Faroese: binda
- Norn: binda
- Norwegian Nynorsk: binda
- Norwegian Bokmål: binde
- Old Swedish: binda
  - Swedish: binda
- Danish: binde
- Gutnish: binde, bind', binda
Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (bindan)

References edit

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bindan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*benđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 41

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bindan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*benđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 41

[1]

[2]