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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-GermanicEdit
EtymologyEdit
Uncertain, but likely from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem- (in o-grade *ǵʰyom- with loss of -y-) and cognate with Latin hiems (“winter”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
*gamalaz
DeclensionEdit
Declension of *gamalaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *gamalaz | *gamalai | *gamalō | *gamalôz | *gamala | *gamalō |
| Accusative | *gamalanǭ | *gamalanz | *gamalǭ | *gamalōz | *gamala | *gamalō |
| Genitive | *gamalas, -is | *gamalaizǫ̂ | *gamalaizōz | *gamalaizǫ̂ | *gamalas, -is | *gamalaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *gamalammai | *gamalaimaz | *gamalaizōi | *gamalaimaz | *gamalammai | *gamalaimaz |
| Instrumental | *gamalanō | *gamalaimiz | *gamalaizō | *gamalaimiz | *gamalanō | *gamalaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *gamalô | *gamalaniz | *gamalǭ | *gamalōniz | *gamalô | *gamalōnō |
| Accusative | *gamalanų | *gamalanunz | *gamalōnų | *gamalōnunz | *gamalô | *gamalōnō |
| Genitive | *gamaliniz | *gamalanǫ̂ | *gamalōniz | *gamalōnǫ̂ | *gamaliniz | *gamalanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *gamalini | *gamalammaz | *gamalōni | *gamalōmaz | *gamalini | *gamalammaz |
| Instrumental | *gamalinē | *gamalammiz | *gamalōnē | *gamalōmiz | *gamalinē | *gamalammiz |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Old English: gamol
- Old Frisian: *gamel
- Saterland Frisian: gammel
- Old Saxon: *gamal
- Old Dutch: *gamal
- Middle Dutch: gamel
- Old High German: gamal (only in names)
- Old Norse: gamall
ReferencesEdit
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, 1st edition, 2nd printing (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans.