Proto-GermanicEdit
EtymologyEdit
Uncertain, but likely from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem- (in o-grade *ǵʰyom- with loss of -y-) and cognate with Latin hiems (“winter”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
*gamalaz
InflectionEdit
Declension of *gamalaz (a-stem)
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *gamalaz | *gamalai | *gamalō | *gamalôz | *gamala | *gamalō |
Accusative | *gamalanǭ | *gamalanz | *gamalǭ | *gamalōz | *gamala | *gamalō |
Genitive | *gamalas, -is | *gamalaizǫ̂ | *gamalaizōz | *gamalaizǫ̂ | *gamalas, -is | *gamalaizǫ̂ |
Dative | *gamalammai | *gamalaimaz | *gamalaizōi | *gamalaimaz | *gamalammai | *gamalaimaz |
Instrumental | *gamalanō | *gamalaimiz | *gamalaizō | *gamalaimiz | *gamalanō | *gamalaimiz |
Weak declension | ||||||
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *gamalô | *gamalaniz | *gamalǭ | *gamalōniz | *gamalô | *gamalōnō |
Accusative | *gamalanų | *gamalanunz | *gamalōnų | *gamalōnunz | *gamalô | *gamalōnō |
Genitive | *gamaliniz | *gamalanǫ̂ | *gamalōniz | *gamalōnǫ̂ | *gamaliniz | *gamalanǫ̂ |
Dative | *gamalini | *gamalammaz | *gamalōni | *gamalōmaz | *gamalini | *gamalammaz |
Instrumental | *gamalinē | *gamalammiz | *gamalōnē | *gamalōmiz | *gamalinē | *gamalammiz |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Old English: gamol
- Old Frisian: *gamel
- Saterland Frisian: gammel
- Old Saxon: *gamal
- Old Dutch: *gamal
- Middle Dutch: gamel
- Old High German: gamal (only in names)
- Old Norse: gamall
ReferencesEdit
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, 1st edition, 2nd printing (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans.