Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hōlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hōlą (“vain speech, flattery, slander”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɔː.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hōlijaną

1. to speak vainly (of)
2. to calumniate, slander

Inflection

Conjugation of *hōlijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hōlijō	*hōlijaų	—	*hōlijai	?
2nd singular	*hōlīsi	*hōlijais	*hōlī	*hōlijasai	*hōlijaisau
3rd singular	*hōlīþi	*hōlijai	*hōlijaþau	*hōlijaþai	*hōlijaiþau
1st dual	*hōlijōs	*hōlijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hōlijaþiz	*hōlijaiþiz	*hōlijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hōlijamaz	*hōlijaim	—	*hōlijanþai	*hōlijainþau
2nd plural	*hōlīþ	*hōlijaiþ	*hōlīþ	*hōlijanþai	*hōlijainþau
3rd plural	*hōlijanþi	*hōlijain	*hōlijanþau	*hōlijanþai	*hōlijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hōlidǭ	*hōlidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hōlidēz	*hōlidēdīz
3rd singular	*hōlidē	*hōlidēdī
1st dual	*hōlidēdū	*hōlidēdīw
2nd dual	*hōlidēdudiz	*hōlidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hōlidēdum	*hōlidēdīm
2nd plural	*hōlidēdud	*hōlidēdīd
3rd plural	*hōlidēdun	*hōlidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hōlijandz	*hōlidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hōlijan
  • Old English: hēlan
  • Old High German: huolen
• Old Norse: hœla
  • Icelandic: hæla
  • Norwegian: høla (dialectal)