Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harpǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreb- (“to turn, bend, shrink, rotate, touch, attack”), from *(s)ker- (“to turn; bend”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hrapōną (“to touch; strum”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑr.pɔ̃ː/

Noun edit

*harpǭ f

harp (plucked string instrument)

Inflection edit

ōn-stemDeclension of *harpǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*harpǭ	*harpōniz
vocative	*harpǭ	*harpōniz
accusative	*harpōnų	*harpōnunz
genitive	*harpōniz	*harpōnǫ̂
dative	*harpōni	*harpōmaz
instrumental	*harpōnē	*harpōmiz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *harpā
- Old English: hearpe
  - Middle English: harpe
    - English: harp
    - Scots: harpe, herp, hairp
- Old Frisian: *herpe
  - West Frisian: harpe, harp
- Old Saxon: harpa
  - Middle Low German: harpe
    - Low German: Harp
    - Plautdietsch: Hoap
- Old Dutch: *harpa
  - Middle Dutch: harpe, herpe
    - Dutch: harp
      - Afrikaans: harp
- Old High German: harfa, *harpha
  - Middle High German: harfe, harpfe
    - Bavarian: Harpfn
    - German: Harfe, Harpfe
      - → Saterland Frisian: Harfe
    - Luxembourgish: Harf
    - → Kashubian: harfa, arfa
    - → Old Polish: arfa (see there for further descendants)
    - Rhine Franconian: Haf, Harf
      Pennsylvania German: Harf
  - → Czech: harfa
  - → Russian: а́рфа (árfa) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Serbo-Croatian: hȃrfa, ха̑рфа
  - → Slovak: harfa
  - → Slovene: harfa
  - → Ukrainian: а́рфа (árfa)
- → Late Latin: harpa (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: harpa
- Icelandic: harpa
- Faroese: harpa, hørpa
- Norn: harpa
- Norwegian: harpe
- Elfdalian: arpa
- Old Swedish: harpa
  - Swedish: harpa
- Danish: harpe