Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋul ~ (d-)ŋur

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dngjɨul (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋul = *(d-)ŋur (Matisoff, STEDT); *ŋul (Chou, 1972); *d-ŋul (LaPolla, 1987)

Noun

*ŋul ~ (d-)ŋur

Silver.

1. silver

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 銀／银 (yín) /*ŋrən/ (B-S), /*ŋrɯn/ (ZS) ("silver; money")
  • Middle Chinese: 銀／银 (yín) /ŋɣiɪn/

**:

→ Japanese: 銀 (ぎん, ​gin)
Korean: 은 (銀, eun)
Vietnamese: ngân (銀)

• • → Thai: เงิน (ngən, “silver, money”)
    Lao: ເງິນ (ngœn, “silver, money”)

    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 銀／银 (yín) (yín, /in³⁵/)
    • Cantonese
      • Guangzhou: 銀／银 (yín) /ŋɐn²¹/
    • Wu
      • Shanghai: 銀／银 (ȵɪ̆ɲ²³)
  • Min
    • Min Nan
      • Taiwan: 銀／银 (yín) /ɡin²⁴/, /ɡun²⁴/
• Kamarupan
  • Proto-Kuki-Chin: *ŋuun (VanBik, 2009)
    • Central Chin
      • Lushai [Mizo]: ngûn (“name of a bracelet, tendril”)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: དངུལ (dngul, “silver; money”), མངུལ (mngul, “silver”) (variant, western Tibetan dialects)
• Tangut-Qiang
  • Northern Tangut
    • Tangut: 𘊟 (*ŋwo², “silver”)
  • rGyalrongic
    • Japhug: rŋɯl (“silver”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Written Burmese: ငွေ (ngwe, “silver; money”)
    • Proto-Loloish: *C-ŋwe¹ (“silver”) (Bradley, 1979)

See also

• *plu (“white, silver, money”)
• *tsjak (“red, blood, gold”)
• *grəj (“copper”)