Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (present) and *bʰúHt (other forms).

Verb edit

*bỳti impf^[1]^[2]^[3]

to be

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of *byti (athematic, suppletive)

participles	present	past	future
infinitive	*byti
supine	*bytъ
verbal noun	*bytьje
active	*sy	*byvъ	*bǫdy
passive	—	—	—
resultative	—	*bylъ	—
	present	future	imperative
1st singular	*esmь	*bǫdǫ	—
2nd singular	*esi	*bǫdešь	*bǫdi
3rd singular	*estь	*bǫdetь	*bǫdi
1st dual	*esvě	*bǫdevě	*bǫděve
2nd dual	*esta	*bǫdeta	*bǫděta
3rd dual	*este	*bǫdete	—
1st plural	*esmъ	*bǫdemъ	*bǫděmъ
2nd plural	*este	*bǫdete	*bǫděte
3rd plural	*sǫtь	*bǫdǫtь	*bǫdǫ
	imperfect	imperfective aorist	perfective aorist
1st singular	—	*běxъ	*byxъ
2nd singular	—	*bě	bystъ, by
3rd singular	*běaše	*bě	bystъ, by
1st dual	—	*běxově	*byxově
2nd dual	—	*běsta	*bysta
3rd dual	*běašete	*běste	*byste
1st plural	—	*běxomъ	*byxomъ
2nd plural	—	*běste	*byste
3rd plural	*běaxǫ	*běšę	*byšę

Related terms edit

*bъty / *bъtъvo / *bъtъva
*eša

Derived terms edit

*a by
*byto (“being, creature”)
*bytъ (“entity”)
*bytь (“culture, essence”)
- *bytьje (“existence, being”)
*bytьnъ (“essential, existent”)
*byvъ (“former”)
*bǫdǫťe (“future”)
*bydlo (“dwelling”)
*bylь (“plant stem, stalk”)
- *bylьje (“herb”)
- *bylьkarjь (“herbalist”)
- *čьrnobylь / *čьrnobylъ
*o by

Related terms edit

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-‎ (0 c, 7 e)

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: бꙑти (byti)^[4]^[5]
  - Old Ruthenian: быти (byti)
    - Belarusian: быць (bycʹ), буты (buty) (dialectal)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: быти (bŷty)
    - Ukrainian: бу́ти (búty)
  - Russian: быть (bytʹ)
- Old Novgorodian: буть (butĭ)^[6]^[7]
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: бꙑти (byti)
- Bulgarian: съм (sǎm) (си (si), е (e) etc.) and бъда (bǎda) (бъдеш (bǎdeš), бъде (bǎde) etc.)
  - ⇒ Bulgarian: може би (može bi)
- Macedonian: е (e) (сум (sum)), си (si), е (e) etc.)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: би̏ти
  
  Latin: bȉti
  - Slavomolisano: bit
- Old Slovene: buiti,^[8] biti^[9]
  - Slovene: bíti
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: býti
  - Czech: být
- Polabian: båit
- Old Polish: być
  - Masurian: bicz
  - Polish: być
  - Silesian: być
- Slovak: byť
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: bëc
  - Slovincian: bëc
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: byś
  - Upper Sorbian: być
- Slovincian: bëc

Further reading edit

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*byti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 155
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bytьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 156
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1997), “*nebytьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 24 (*navijati (sę)/*navivati (sę) – *nerodimъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 109
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bǫdǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 233
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*esmь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 32
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ne esmь, *ne esi, *ne estь/*něsmь, *něsi, *něstь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 32
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “быть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бы”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “быст”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бых”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “буду”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “будто”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бышащее”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “несть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “быть I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 290
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “было́й”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 278
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бытье́”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 291
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “быт I”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 286
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бы́тый”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 290
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бы”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 269
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “быст”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 283
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бысь”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 286
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бу́ди”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 47
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бу́ду”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 53
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бу́де”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 43
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бу́дущий”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 54
Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бышащее”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 293
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “быть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 129

References edit

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bỳti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 71: “v. (a) ‘be’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “¹byti: bǫdǫ bǫdetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 208, 234, 236, 260; PR 133; MP 22)”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “²byti (st. by-): jesmь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c være (PR 139)”
^ Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “бꙑти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[3] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 204
^ Barkhudarov, S. G., editor (1975), “быти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ–17ᵗʰ cc.]‎^[4] (in Russian), numbers 1 (а – бяшенина), Moscow: Nauka, page 366
^ “буть (letter no. 68)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024
^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) “бꙑти”, in Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎^[5] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 714
^ “buiti”, in Freising manuscripts‎^[6], 1005±33, page 4 (2.2/159r), line 42
^ “choku biti”, in Freising manuscripts‎^[7], 1005±33, page 1 (1.1/78r), line 7

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bỳti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 71: “v. (a) ‘be’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “¹byti: bǫdǫ bǫdetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 208, 234, 236, 260; PR 133; MP 22)”

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001) “²byti (st. by-): jesmь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c være (PR 139)”

[4] Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “бꙑти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[3] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 204

[5] Barkhudarov, S. G., editor (1975), “быти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ–17ᵗʰ cc.]‎^[4] (in Russian), numbers 1 (а – бяшенина), Moscow: Nauka, page 366

[6] “буть (letter no. 68)”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты [Birchbark Literacy from Medieval Rus] (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2024

[7] Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) “бꙑти”, in Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎^[5] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 714

[8] “buiti”, in Freising manuscripts‎^[6], 1005±33, page 4 (2.2/159r), line 42

[9] “choku biti”, in Freising manuscripts‎^[7], 1005±33, page 1 (1.1/78r), line 7

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti

Contents

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

Verb edit

Conjugation edit

See also edit

Related terms edit

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

References edit