Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pěnędzь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *pęnęgъ, borrowed from either Gothic *𐍀𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*pinniggs), or i-umlaut inflected late Proto-West Germanic *penning, from earlier *panning, both from Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin, penny”).

Noun

*pě̀nę̄dzь m

1. coin, money

Inflection

Declension of *pě̀nę̄dzь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pě̀nę̄dzь	*pě̀nę̄dza	*pě̀nę̄dzi
genitive	*pě̀nę̄dza	*pě̀nę̄dzu	*pě̀nę̄dzь
dative	*pě̀nę̄dzu	*pě̀nę̄dzema	*pě̀nę̄dzēmъ
accusative	*pě̀nę̄dzь	*pě̀nę̄dza	*pě̀nę̄dzę̇
instrumental	*pě̀nę̄dzьmь, *pě̀nę̄dzemь*	*pě̀nę̄dzema	*pě̀nę̄dzī
locative	*pě̀nę̄dzi	*pě̀nę̄dzu	*pě̀nę̄dzīxъ
vocative	*pě̀nę̄že	*pě̀nę̄dza	*pě̀nę̄dzi

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: пѣнязь (pěnjazĭ) (Russian)

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: пе́нязь (pénjazʹ)
  • Ukrainian: пі́нязь (pínjazʹ)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: піняз (pinjaz)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: пѣнѧѕь (pěnędzĭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱂⱑⱀⱔⰷⱐ (pěnędzĭ)

  • Bulgarian: пе́нез (pénez)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пјèнез (archaic)

    Latin: pjȅnēz (archaic), pènezi (regional)

  • Slovene: ре̣̑nеz (archaic)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: peníz, peníze
  • Kashubian: pieniądz, pieńdz (obsolete)
  • Polabian: pangs
  • Polish: pieniądz
    • → German: Penunze
  • Slovak: peniaz, peniaze
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: pjenjez
    • Lower Sorbian: pjenjeze pl

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Hungarian: pénz

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пенязь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress