Appendix:Uyghur adjectives
Gradable and non-gradable adjectives edit
Category of adjectival degree edit
Gradable adjectives (adjectives of degree) edit
The degree category of adjectives is the grammatical category which indicates the difference in degree of the quality expressed by an adjective or the speaker's subjective feeling about that quality.
Positive (original) degree edit
The original form of gradable adjectives represents the positive degree of adjectives. The positive degree of the adjective indicates the normal degree of the quality expressed by the adjective. For example:
- ياخشى (yaxshi, “good”)
Decreasing degree edit
The decreasing degree form of the adjective is formed by attaching the suffix -راق (-raq) / -رەك (-rek) to the stem of the adjective. For example:
- ئۇزۇن (uzun, “long”) ― ئۇزۇنراق (uzunraq, “rather long; longish”)
- كىچىك (kichik, “small”) ― كىچىكرەك (kichikrek, “somewhat small; smallish”)
Emphatic degree edit
The emphatic degree form of the adjective is expressed by first of all pronouncing the first syllable with the sound پ (p) added to its constituent vowel, and then the whole adjective. For example:
- قىزىل (qizil, “red”) ― قىپقىزىل (qipqizil, “bright red”)
- سۈزۈك (süzük, “clear; transparent”) ― سۈپسۈزۈك (süpsüzük, “really clear; totally transparent”)
- تىنچ (tinch, “quiet; still”) ― تىپتىنچ (tiptinch, “completely silent; stock-still”)
Endearing degree edit
The endearing degree of the adjective is formed by attaching the suffix -غىنا (-ghina) / -قىنا (-qina) / -گىنە (-gine) / -كىنە (-kine) to the adjectival stem. For example:
- سالقىن (salqin, “cool”) ― سالقىنغىنا (salqin'ghina, “delightfully cool”)
- ئوماق (omaq, “cute; lovely”) ― ئوماققىنا (omaqqina, “adorable; lovely; winsome”)
- تۈزۈك (tüzük, “good; decent”) ― تۈزۈككىنە (tüzükkine, “fine; nice; splendid”)
- ئەپچىل (epchil, “clever; skilful”) ― ئەپچىلگىنە (epchilgine, “good at a lot of things”)
back vowel | front vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
voiced consonant | unvoiced consonant | voiced consonant | unvoiced consonant | |
Positive (original) degree | ||||
Decreasing degree | ـراق (-raq) | ـرەك (-rek) | ||
Emphatic degree | ـپـ (-p-) | |||
Endearing degree | ـغىنا (-ghina) Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـغىنا not found
|
ـقىنا (-qina) Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـقىنا not found
|
ـگىنە (-gine) Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـگىنە not found
|
ـكىنە (-kine) Category Uyghur terms suffixed with ـكىنە not found
|
Non-gradable adjectives (adjectives without degree) edit
Repeated form of the adjective edit
Nominalization of the adjective edit
In Uyghur, some adjectives are able to transfer directly into the noun class and serve to express the name of the quality expressed by themselves, or of a certain object which possesses that quality. In such cases, they are declined exactly like nouns and function as nouns in the sentence. Some adjectives are always used as plural nouns when they occur with the nominal plural suffix.
Notes edit
See also edit
- Category:Uyghur adjectives
- Uyghur adjectives on Wikipedia.Wikipedia