Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þreutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-GermanicEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to harass”).

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /ˈθreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

VerbEdit

*þreutaną^[1]^[2]

to harass, weary

InflectionEdit

Conjugation of *þreutaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þreutō	*þreutaų	—	*þreutai	?
2nd singular	*þriutizi	*þreutaiz	*þreut	*þreutazai	*þreutaizau
3rd singular	*þriutidi	*þreutai	*þreutadau	*þreutadai	*þreutaidau
1st dual	*þreutōz	*þreutaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þreutadiz	*þreutaidiz	*þreutadiz	—	—
1st plural	*þreutamaz	*þreutaim	—	*þreutandai	*þreutaindau
2nd plural	*þriutid	*þreutaid	*þriutid	*þreutandai	*þreutaindau
3rd plural	*þreutandi	*þreutain	*þreutandau	*þreutandai	*þreutaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þraut	*þrutį̄
2nd singular	*þraust	*þrutīz
3rd singular	*þraut	*þrutī
1st dual	*þrutū	*þrutīw
2nd dual	*þrutudiz	*þrutīdiz
1st plural	*þrutum	*þrutīm
2nd plural	*þrutud	*þrutīd
3rd plural	*þrutun	*þrutīn

	present	past
participles	*þreutandz	*þrutanaz

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Proto-West Germanic: *þreutan
- Old English: þrēotan
- Old Saxon: thriotan
  - Middle Low German: drēten
Old Norse: þrjóta
- Icelandic: þrjóta
- Faroese: tróta
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: tryte
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: tryta, tryte
- Old Swedish: þrȳta
  - Swedish: tryta
- Old Danish: tryde
  - ⇒ Old Danish: fortryde
    - Danish: fortryde
⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzþreutaną
- Proto-West Germanic: *uʀþreutan
  - Old English: āþrēotan
  - Old Saxon: āthriotan
    - Middle Low German: vordrēten, vordreiten
  - Old High German: irdriozan, irdruzzen
    - Middle High German: erdriezen, verdriezen
      - German: erdrießen (archaic), verdrießen
- Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (usþriutan)

ReferencesEdit

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þreutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 546
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*þreutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 426

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þreutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 546

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*þreutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 426

[1]

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