Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēsą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *ēsaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēd-s-om (“eaten”), from *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Related to *etaną. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *ěsa (“food, dish”) < *h₁ed-s-eh₂, Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”) < *h₁ed-s-os.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛː.sɑ̃/

Noun

*ēsą n

1. food, carrion
2. prey; bait

Inflection

Declension of *ēsą (neuter a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*ēsą	*ēsō
vocative	*ēsą	*ēsō
accusative	*ēsą	*ēsō
genitive	*ēsas, *ēsis	*ēsǫ̂
dative	*ēsai	*ēsamaz
instrumental	*ēsō	*ēsamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ās
  • Old English: ǣs
    • Middle English: ēs, hes
      • English: yess, iss, easse; eaceworm
  • Old Frisian: ēs
    • Saterland Frisian: Oas; Äise
    • West Frisian: ies
  • Old Saxon: ās (found in angulās)
    • Middle Low German: âs
      • German Low German: Aas
      • → Danish: ås
      • → Swedish: as
      • → Norwegian: as
  • Old Dutch: *ās
    • Middle Dutch: aes
      • Dutch: aas
        • Afrikaans: aas
        • → West Frisian: aas
  • Old High German: ās
    • Middle High German: ās
      • German: Aas (merged with Middle High German āz, from Proto-Germanic *ētą)
      • Hunsrik: Ooz