Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aldaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”); equivalent to the old past participle of *alaną (“to grow”). Compare Latin altus (“tall, high”) with a similar origin.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑl.dɑz/

Adjective

*aldaz (comparative *alþizô, superlative *alþistaz)^[2]

old, grown up
Synonyms: *gamalaz, *senaz, *sinīgaz

Inflection

Declension of *aldaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*aldaz	*aldō	*aldą, -atō	*aldai	*aldôz	*aldō
accusative	*aldanǭ	*aldǭ	*aldą, -atō	*aldanz	*aldōz	*aldō
genitive	*aldas, -is	*aldaizōz	*aldas, -is	*aldaizǫ̂	*aldaizǫ̂	*aldaizǫ̂
dative	*aldammai	*aldaizōi	*aldammai	*aldaimaz	*aldaimaz	*aldaimaz
instrumental	*aldanō	*aldaizō	*aldanō	*aldaimiz	*aldaimiz	*aldaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*aldô	*aldǭ	*aldô	*aldaniz	*aldōniz	*aldōnō
accusative	*aldanų	*aldōnų	*aldô	*aldanunz	*aldōnunz	*aldōnō
genitive	*aldiniz	*aldōniz	*aldiniz	*aldanǫ̂	*aldōnǫ̂	*aldanǫ̂
dative	*aldini	*aldōni	*aldini	*aldammaz	*aldōmaz	*aldammaz
instrumental	*aldinē	*aldōnē	*aldinē	*aldammiz	*aldōmiz	*aldammiz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ald
- Old English: eald, ald, eold, æld, eld
  - Middle English: old, eeld, eelde, eld, elde, holde, oold, olde, wolde, ald, awlde, eild (Northern), eald, yalde, yealde (Kent), yolde, yhold, yolle (Southwestern)
    - English: old (dialectal ole, ould, wold)
      Geordie English: awd, auld
    - Scots: auld
    - Yola: yole, yold, yola, yolaw
- Old Frisian: ald
  - North Frisian: ual, uul, ool
  - Saterland Frisian: oold
  - West Frisian: âld
- Old Saxon: ald
  - Middle Low German: olt, old
    - Low German: old
      - German Low German: old, oold, ol, oll, olt, oolt
        → German: oll
    - Plautdietsch: oolt
- Old Dutch: alt, ald
  - Middle Dutch: out
    - Dutch: oud, (obsolete) oudt
      - Afrikaans: ou, oud
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
      - Jersey Dutch: āud, āut
      - Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud
      - West Flemish: elde
    - Limburgish: aad
- Old High German: alt, ald — northern
  - Middle High German: alt
    - Alemannic German: altu, oalt, oalt, olt, àltà (Italian Walser)
    - Bavarian: old
      Apeltonerisch: old
      Central Bavarian: oid /ɔed̥/
      Cimbrian: alt
      Mòcheno: òlt
      Northern Bavarian: old /ɔːld̥/
      Southern Bavarian: ålt /ɔltʰ/
      Udinese: olt, òlt
    - Central Franconian: alt
      Hunsrik: alt
      Kirchröadsj: aod, auw
      Luxembourgish: al
    - German: alt
    - Rhine Franconian: alt, all
      Frankfurterisch: [ɑːl], [aːl]
      Pennsylvania German: alt
    - Vilamovian: aołd
    - Yiddish: אַלט (alt)
Old Norse: aldinn
- Icelandic: aldinn
Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (alþeis)
Crimean Gothic: alt

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*alda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20
^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EDPG

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*alda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20

[EDPG-2] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EDPG

[1]

[2]