Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gamaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

Exact origin uncertain. Perhaps from *ga- +‎ *mann-, but the stress is on the first syllable, whereas the prefix *ga- never bears stress. Alternatively:

Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gomonъ (“noise”)^[1]
Pokorny compares Middle High German gampen, gumpen (“to jump”) (cf. *gampaz) and Ancient Greek ἀθεμβοῦσα (athemboûsa, “exuberant”), which would point to Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gʷʰemb- (“to hop, jump, frisk”).^[2]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Noun edit

*gamaną n

a fellow human, associate, companion
pleasure, enjoyment, joy
fun, amusement, game, sport

Inflection edit

neuter a-stemDeclension of *gamaną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gamaną	*gamanō
vocative	*gamaną	*gamanō
accusative	*gamaną	*gamanō
genitive	gamanas, gamanis	*gamanǫ̂
dative	*gamanai	*gamanamaz
instrumental	*gamanō	*gamanamiz

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *gaman
- Old English: gamen, gomen
  - Middle English: game, gamen, gemen, gomen, gome, gammen, gaume, gamme, gamin, gomin, gomyn, gomun, gam, geme
    - English: game, gammon (dialectal gam) (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: gemme, gem, gyem
    - Yola: gaame, gaume, gaaume
- Old Frisian: game, gome
- Old Saxon: gaman
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: gamel
    - German Low German: Gammel
- Old Dutch: *gaman
  - Middle Dutch: gāme
    - ⇒ Middle Dutch: gemelijc
      - Dutch: gemelijk
- Old High German: gaman
  - Middle High German: gamen, gamel
    - German: Gammel (dialectal)
Old Norse: gaman; (gems)
- Icelandic: gaman
- Faroese: gaman
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gaman, gama
- Old Swedish: gaman, gamman, gammen
  - Swedish: gamman
- Danish: gammen
  - Norwegian Bokmål: gammen
>? Old Norse: man
- Icelandic: man
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (gaman)

References edit

^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒamanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 125
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 490

[1] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒamanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 125

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 490

[1]

[2]