Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kakǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. The relationship with Lithuanian gúogas (“skull”) by supposed Proto-Indo-European *gag-, *gōg- (“something round, something lumpy”) is highly doubtful. Compare *kōkô (“cake”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑ.kɔ̃ː/

Noun

*kakǭ f

1. cake

Alternative reconstructions

• *kakkaz (as the original genitive singular of *kōkô)

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *kakǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kakǭ	*kakōniz
vocative	*kakǭ	*kakōniz
accusative	*kakōnų	*kakōnunz
genitive	*kakōniz	*kakōnǫ̂
dative	*kakōni	*kakōmaz
instrumental	*kakōnē	*kakōmiz

Derived terms

• *kakilaz

Related terms

• *kōkô
• *kōkilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kakā
  • Old English: ceace; *cieċil, cyċel, ciċel (< *kakilaz)
    • Middle English: kichel
  • Old Saxon: *kaka, *koka
    • Middle Low German: koke
      • Low German: koke
  • Old Dutch: coca
    • → Catalan: coca
      • → English: coca
• Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚨᚲᛟ (*kakō)
  • Old Norse: kaka
    • Icelandic: kaka
    • Faroese: køka, kaka
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: kake
    • Old Swedish: kaka
      • Swedish: kaka
    • Old Danish: kakæ
      • Danish: kage
        • → Greenlandic: kaagi
        • Norwegian Bokmål: kake
    • Scanian: kâga
    • Gutnish: kake
    • → Middle English: cake, kake, caake, cayk
      • English: cake (see there for further descendants)
      • Geordie English: kyek
      • Scots: cake
      • Yola: caake, kaake
    • → Irish: cáca
  • → Proto-Finnic: *kakku (or from earlier Proto-Germanic)
    • Estonian: kakk
    • Finnish: kakku, kaakku, kakko (dialectal)
    • Livonian: kak
    • Votic: kakku, kakko