Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skainijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskɑi̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, split”), related to *skinō (“piece, shinbone”).

Verb

*skainijaną

1. to scratch, to wound
2. to break

Inflection

Conjugation of *skainijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skainijō	*skainijaų	—	*skainijai	?
2nd singular	*skainīsi	*skainijais	*skainī	*skainijasai	*skainijaisau
3rd singular	*skainīþi	*skainijai	*skainijaþau	*skainijaþai	*skainijaiþau
1st dual	*skainijōs	*skainijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skainijaþiz	*skainijaiþiz	*skainijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skainijamaz	*skainijaim	—	*skainijanþai	*skainijainþau
2nd plural	*skainīþ	*skainijaiþ	*skainīþ	*skainijanþai	*skainijainþau
3rd plural	*skainijanþi	*skainijain	*skainijanþau	*skainijanþai	*skainijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skainidǭ	*skainidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skainidēz	*skainidēdīz
3rd singular	*skainidē	*skainidēdī
1st dual	*skainidēdū	*skainidēdīw
2nd dual	*skainidēdudiz	*skainidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skainidēdum	*skainidēdīm
2nd plural	*skainidēdud	*skainidēdīd
3rd plural	*skainidēdun	*skainidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skainijandz	*skainidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skainijan
  • Old English: sċǣnan
  • Old Frisian: skēnia
  • ⇒ Old High German: irskeinen
• Old Norse: skeina
  • Icelandic: skeina
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skeina, skeine

Etymology 2

Possibly from *skīnaną (“to shine”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*skainijaną

1. to make shine
2. to make appear
3. to expose, make visible

Inflection

Conjugation of *skainijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skainijō	*skainijaų	—	*skainijai	?
2nd singular	*skainīsi	*skainijais	*skainī	*skainijasai	*skainijaisau
3rd singular	*skainīþi	*skainijai	*skainijaþau	*skainijaþai	*skainijaiþau
1st dual	*skainijōs	*skainijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skainijaþiz	*skainijaiþiz	*skainijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skainijamaz	*skainijaim	—	*skainijanþai	*skainijainþau
2nd plural	*skainīþ	*skainijaiþ	*skainīþ	*skainijanþai	*skainijainþau
3rd plural	*skainijanþi	*skainijain	*skainijanþau	*skainijanþai	*skainijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skainidǭ	*skainidēdį̄
2nd singular	*skainidēz	*skainidēdīz
3rd singular	*skainidē	*skainidēdī
1st dual	*skainidēdū	*skainidēdīw
2nd dual	*skainidēdudiz	*skainidēdīdiz
1st plural	*skainidēdum	*skainidēdīm
2nd plural	*skainidēdud	*skainidēdīd
3rd plural	*skainidēdun	*skainidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*skainijandz	*skainidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *skainijan
  • Old English: sċǣnan
    • Middle English: shenen
      • English: sheen
  • Old Saxon: *skēnian
    • Middle Low German: schênen
  • Old Dutch: skēnen, *skeinen
    • Middle Dutch: scheinen
  • Old High German: skeinen
    • Middle High German: scheinen