Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wihtiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwix.tiz/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *wekti- (“object, thing”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *veťь.^[1]

Noun

*wihtiz f^[1]^[2]

essence, being
thing, creature

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *wihtiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wihtiz	*wihtīz
vocative	*wihti	*wihtīz
accusative	*wihtį	*wihtinz
genitive	*wihtīz	*wihtijǫ̂
dative	*wihtī	*wihtimaz
instrumental	*wihtī	*wihtimiz

Related terms

*wihtą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wihti
- Old English: wiht
  - Middle English: wight, wiȝt
    - English: wight, whit
    - Scots: wicht, wycht
- Old Frisian: *wet (in compounds)
  - Saterland Frisian: nit
- Old Saxon: wiht
  - Middle Low German: wicht, wucht
    - German Low German: Wicht
    - Dutch Low Saxon: wicht
      - Westphalian:
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Wicht
        Sauerländisch: Weyht
        Westmünsterländisch: Wicht
- Old Dutch: wiht
  - Middle Dutch: wicht
    - Dutch: wicht
      - Afrikaans: wig
- Old High German: wiht
  - Middle High German: wicht
    - German: Wicht
Old Norse: véttr, vétr, vættr, vætr, vítr
- Icelandic: vættur
- Faroese: vættur, veittur
- Norwegian: vette, vætte, vett, vitt
- Old Swedish: vætter, vǣter
  - Swedish: vätte
- Danish: vætte
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃 (waihts)

Etymology 2

From *weganą (“to weight”) +‎ *-þiz.^[3]

Noun

*wihtiz f^[3]^[4]

weight

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *wihtiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wihtiz	*wihtīz
vocative	*wihti	*wihtīz
accusative	*wihtį	*wihtinz
genitive	*wihtīz	*wihtijǫ̂
dative	*wihtī	*wihtimaz
instrumental	*wihtī	*wihtimiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wihti
- Old English: wihte
- Old English: wiht
  - Middle English: weght, weghte, weighte, weihte, weit, wighte
    - English: weight
    - Scots: wecht, weicht
    - Yola: waaight
- Old Frisian: wicht, wichte
  - North Frisian: wecht
  - Saterland Frisian: Wächte
- Old Saxon: *wiht, *wihti
  - Middle Low German: wicht, wichte
    - Low German: Wicht, Wucht
      - → German: Wucht
    - Plautdietsch: Wicht
    - → Danish: vægt
      - Norwegian: vekt
    - → German: Wicht
    - → Swedish: vikt
- Old Dutch: *wiht
  - Middle Dutch: wicht, wichte
    - Dutch: wicht
- Old High German: *wihti
  - Middle High German: wiht
Old Norse: vætt, vétt
- → Middle English: waght
  - Scots: wacht

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wehti-1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 578
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wextiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wehti-2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 578
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wextiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

[EDPG1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wehti-1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 578

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wextiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452

[EDPG2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wehti-2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 578

[4] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wextiz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453

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