Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *-t (adverbial ending) + *-os (athematic abl./gen.sg. ending).^[1]

Suffix

*-tos^[1]^[2]

Creates adverbs with ablative meaning: "from ...".

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tos not found

Descendants

Proto-Hellenic: *-tós
- Ancient Greek: -τός (-tós) (as in ἐντός (entós))
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tas
  - Sanskrit: -तस् (-tas)
- Proto-Iranian: *-tah
  - Younger Avestan: -𐬙𐬋 (-tō)
  - Old Persian: -𐎫 (-t /⁠-ta⁠/) (as in 𐎱𐎽𐎻𐎹𐎫 (p-ru-vi-y-t /⁠paruviyata⁠/, “from long ago”)^[3])
Proto-Italic: *-tos
- Latin: -tus

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 1: Einleitung, Terminologie, Lautgesetze, Adverbialendungen, Nominalsuffixe, Anhänge und Indices, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 191-194
^ Lundquist, Jesse, Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2105
^ Kent, Roland G. (1950) Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 196

[LIPP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 1: Einleitung, Terminologie, Lautgesetze, Adverbialendungen, Nominalsuffixe, Anhänge und Indices, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 191-194

[2] Lundquist, Jesse, Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2105

[3] Kent, Roland G. (1950) Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 196

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