Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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    Perhaps some variation or gradation of *gʷeh₂- seen also on *mendʰ- - *meh₂dʰ-, *med- - *meh₁-/*meh₁d-.

    Root

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    *gʷem- (perfective)[1][2]

    1. to step[3]

    Derived terms

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    • *gʷém-t ~ *gʷm-ént (athematic root aorist)
    • *gʷe-gʷóm-e ~ *gʷe-gʷm-ḗr (stative)
    • *gʷm̥-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)
    • *gʷm̥-yé-ti (ye-present)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷəňňō (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷətʰmós (+ action noun suffix *-tʰmós)
      • Proto-Italic: *gʷənjō (< earlier *gʷəmjō) (see there for further descendants)
    • *gʷom-éye-ti (éye-causative)[1]
    • *gʷém-ti-s ~ *gʷm̥-téy-s
    • *gʷém-tu-s ~ *gʷm̥-téw-s
    • *gʷm̥-tó-s
    • Unsorted formations:
      • Proto-Albanian: *gat
      • Armenian:
        • Old Armenian: եկ (ek)
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Old Prussian: gemton (to give birth (to))
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Lithuanian: gỹmis (birth; nature; face)[4]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Lithuanian: giminė̃ (family, kin; genus; gender; (dial.) relative)[5]
        • Sudovian: gimna (family; uncles, their wives)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ga-t-s (verbal root noun)

    Descendants

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    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gem-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 209-210
    2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 464-5
    3. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    4. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gymis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 176–177
    5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “giminė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176