Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gleh₁y-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit

Alternative reconstructionsEdit

*gley-^[1]^[2]
*gleyH-^[3]

EtymologyEdit

Possibly from extended form of *gleh₁- (“ball, lump (of earth)”), from *gewl- (“ball, bowl, vessel”), extended form of *gew- (“to curve, bend, twist”), + *-éh₁-.

Pokorny tentatively derives it from *gel- (“to roll up together, into a ball; round object”).

RootEdit

*gleh₁y-^[1]^[3]^[2]

to smear, putty
to stick, glue

ExtensionsEdit

*gleh₁y-bʰ- (“to stick”)

Derived termsEdit

► Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gleh₁y-

*gléh₁i-ti (athematic root present)^[4]
- Albanian: *en-gleitja^[5]
  - Albanian: ngjis (“to stick to, glue”)
- Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀtei
  - Lithuanian: gliejù, gliēti (“to smear, putty”)
- Indo-Iranian: *gráHiti
  - Iranian: *gráHitī
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (γrcy-, “to roll; to smear with clay”)
*gl̥h₁i-néh₂-ti ~ *gl̥h₁i-nh₂-énti (*néh₂-present)^[1]^[3]^[6]
- Celtic: *glināti (“to glue”)^[1]^[7]
  - Brythonic: [Term?]
    - Middle Breton: englenaff
    - Middle Welsh: glynu
    - Cornish: glena
  - Old Irish: glenoid
- Germanic: *klinaną (“to smear, stick”)^[8]
  - Old High German: klenan
    - Middle High German: klenen
*gléh₁i-neh₂^[6]^[9]
- Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀnāˀ (“clay”)^[10]
  - Lithuanian: gléinė
  - Slavic: *glìna (“clay”)^[9] (see there for further descendants)
*gléh₁y-n̥ ~ *gl̥h₁y-én-s^[6]
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: γλῑ́νη (glī́nē)
*gleh₁i-wéh₂^[8]^[11]
- Balto-Slavic: *gléiˀwāˀ (“slime, fungus”)^[12]
  - Latvian: glīve
  - Lithuanian: gleīvės
  - Slavic: *glìva (“fungus”)^[11] (see there for further descendants)
  - → Finnic: *liiva (“slime”)
- Germanic: *klīwō^[8]
  - Old High German: klīwa, klīa, klīga
    - Middle High German: klīwe, klīe
      - German: Kleie (“bran”)
*gléh₁y-o-s
- Indo-Iranian: *gráHyas
  - Iranian: *gráHyah^[13]
    - Shughni: [script needed] (jiray, “pottery clay”)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (yuroi, “clay, earth, mud”)
*gl̥h₁í-h₂
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: γλία (glía, “glue”)
*gl̥h₁y-ó-s^[14]
- Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  - Slavic: *glьjь (“clay, loam”)^[1]^[14] (see there for further descendants)
*gl̥h₁i-t-tó-s^[15]
- Italic: *glittos
  - Latin: glittus (“sticky, cohesive”)
*gl̥h₁i-t-us
- Balto-Slavic: *glitus
  - Latvian: glits, glîts (“slippery”)
  - Lithuanian: glitùs (“sticky”), (dialectal) glytùs
*gl̥h₁i-yó-s
- Indo-Iranian: *grHiyás
  - Iranian: *grHiyáh^[16]^[13]
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (γг’h, “clay, dirt”)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (grīha-)
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (γг’у, “mud, clay, pottery”)
*glóh₁i-mo-s^[15]
- Germanic: *klaimaz (“clay, mortar”)^[8] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Germanic: *klaimijaną (“to smear with clay, mortar”)^[8]
    - Old English: clǣman
      - Middle English: clemen
    - Old Dutch: *klēmen
      - Middle Dutch: clêmen
    - Old High German: kleimen
    - Old Norse: [Term?]
      - Faroese: kleima
      - Elfdalian: kliema
*gloh₁i-ni-s^[17]
- Balto-Slavic: *gláiˀnis
  - Slavic: *glěnь (“clay, loam”)^[17] (see there for further descendants)
*glóh₁i-t-n̥ ~ *gl̥h₁y-t-én-s (“slime, glue”)^[15]
- Italic: *gloiten (“clay, mortar”)^[15]
  - Latin: glūten (see there for further descendants)
*glóh₁i-to-m
- Germanic: *klaiþą (see there for further descendants)
*gloh₁i-wó-s (“sticky”)^[2]^[18]^[6]
- Hellenic: [Term?]
  - Ancient Greek: γλοιός (gloiós) (< earlier *γλοιϝός (*gloiwós) or *γλοιι̯ός (*gloii̯ós)^[1]^[6])
*gloh₁i-y-ó-s^[8]
- Germanic: *klajjaz (“clay”)^[1]^[8] (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Anatolian: [Term?]
  - Lydian: 𐤨𐤷𐤦𐤣𐤠‎ (kλida, “earth”) (probably)
- Armenian:
  - Middle Armenian: կաղջին (kałǰin) (possibly)

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Pokorny, Julius (1959) , “glei”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 362–364
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Fick, August (1890–1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) , “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glieti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183: “*gleh₁i-”
^ Orel, Vladimir (1998) , “ngjis”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 276-277: “*γλοιϝός”
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) , “*gli-na-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 160
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ^8.6 Kroonen, Guus (2013) , “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292: “*gloi-(i)o-”
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page *gléˀināˀ
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page *gléˀināˀ
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) , “*1grai- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 283-284
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glьjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) , “glūten”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 266-267: “*gloiten-”
^ Gharib, B. (1995) , “ɣг’у”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 167: “*griya”
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glĕnь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
^ Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 122: “*gloiwos 'clay'”

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Pokorny, Julius (1959) , “glei”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 362–364

[Fick-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Fick, August (1890–1909) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht

[LIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) , “*glei̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 190

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glieti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183: “*gleh₁i-”

[5] Orel, Vladimir (1998) , “ngjis”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN

[Beekes-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 276-277: “*γλοιϝός”

[7] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) , “*gli-na-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 160

[Kroonen-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ^8.6 Kroonen, Guus (2013) , “*klajja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 291-292: “*gloi-(i)o-”

[Derksen_3-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164

[10] Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page *gléˀināˀ

[Derksen_4-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182

[12] Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glìna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page *gléˀināˀ

[ESIJa-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) , “*1grai- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 283-284

[Derksen_1-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glьjь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168

[De_Vaan-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) , “glūten”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 266-267: “*gloiten-”

[16] Gharib, B. (1995) , “ɣг’у”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 167: “*griya”

[Derksen_2-17] 17.0 ^17.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) , “*glĕnь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163

[18] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 122: “*gloiwos 'clay'”

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