Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kerp-
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krep-
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editApparently ultimately derived from *(s)ker- (“to cut”) via a p-extension of unknown origin and function.
Root
edit- (originally?) to cut off, raze
- (originally?) to pick up, lift; to take and carry away
- to pluck, pick (e.g. fruit)
- to reap, harvest
Alternative reconstructions
editReconstruction notes
edit- The presumed original s-mobile is found only in Lithuanian šķērpêt (“to cut grass”), but this word is not mentioned as cognate by the sources cited. See also Ancient Greek σκορπίος (skorpíos, “scorpion”).
- Outside of Anatolian, this root sometimes took on a more specialized meaning “to harvest”, with either agricultural or foraging connotation. The Hittite root, if it belongs here, preserves a seemingly older sense related to “lifting” and “taking”.[3] This is similar to the Slavic senses “to scoop, draw”. However, in at least Baltic and Indo-Iranian, a family of senses “to cut (off), chop; cutting tool” seems to directly continue from *(s)ker- (“to cut (off)”). (That Ancient Greek κρώπιον (krṓpion, “billhook, sickle”) can formally derive from this root is doubtful.) It is therefore unclear which of the two developments explains the “pluck, harvest” senses, or if perhaps they should be regarded in parallel as separate developments.
Derived terms
edit- *kerp- (root verb), *kérp-t (athematic root aorist)[3]
- *kérp-e-ti (thematic root present)
- *kr̥p-yé-ti (yé-present)
- *kerp-o-s, perhaps an original root noun *kérp-s ~ *kr̥p-ós
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *karpudā
- Albanian: kërpudhë (“mushroom”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- >? Lithuanian: šķērpêt (“to cut grass”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Germanic: *harbistaz (“harvest, autumn”) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Albanian: *karpudā
Notes
editFurther reading
edit- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 258
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)kerp-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 559
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)kerp-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 559
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “carpō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 95
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “karp(ii̯e/a)-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 452–454: “PIE *(s)krp-i̯é/ó-; *(s)kérp-t / *(s)krp-ént”
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καρπός 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 649
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καρπός 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 649