Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/márkos
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit
ReconstructionEdit
The reconstruction at the PIE level is disputed on several grounds:
- limited geographical distribution in Western IE - only present in the Celtic and Germanic branches.
- the presence of rare/disputed PIE phoneme */a/; a reconstruction *mh₂érkos seems untenable.
One theory which does not accept the existence of this PIE word sees the Germanic forms as a borrowing from the Celtic, and those as a loan from Proto-Iranian *márikah (compare Old Persian [script needed] (marika, “male, manly”)), from *máryah (compare Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (mairiia, “man; male animal”)); akin to Sanskrit मर्य (márya, “young man; stallion”). If the PIE word did exist, it is probably a Wanderwort across Eurasian languages; see Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ for more.
NounEdit
*márkos m
- horse (Equus ferus caballus)
- (possibly) wild horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or Equus ferus ferus)
Usage notesEdit
Possibly denoting only a "wild horse" as opposed to the *h₁éḱwos (“domestic horse”).
InflectionEdit
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *márkos | ||
| genitive | *márkosyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *márkos | *márkoh₁ | *márkoes |
| vocative | *márke | *márkoh₁ | *márkoes |
| accusative | *márkom | *márkoh₁ | *márkoms |
| genitive | *márkosyo | *? | *márkoHom |
| ablative | *márkead | *? | *márkomos |
| dative | *márkoey | *? | *márkomos |
| locative | *márkey, *márkoy | *? | *márkoysu |
| instrumental | *márkoh₁ | *? | *márkōys |
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Proto-Celtic: *markos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *marhaz (see there for further descendants)
ReferencesEdit
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 274