Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/med-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

*meh₁- (through the Kortlandt effect^[1])

Root

*med-^[2]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *med- (25 c, 0 e)

*mḗd-eti ~ *méd-eti (thematic root present)^[3]^[4]
- Proto-Germanic: *metaną (“to measure”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *mētiz (“estimable”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *mōtaną (from a secondary perfect *me-mṓd-e)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μέδω (médō, “to protect”)
  - Ancient Greek: μέδομαι (médomai, “to provide for”)
  - Ancient Greek: μήδομαι (mḗdomai, “to deliberate, estimate”)
*med-eh₁-(ye)-ti (stative)^[3]
- Proto-Italic: *medēōr (“to heal”)^[2]
  - Latin: medeor (see there for further descendants)
*mēd-yé-ti (o-grade ye-present)^[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *medyetor (“to measure, judge”)^[6]
  - Proto-Brythonic: *mėðɨd
    - Old Cornish: medhes
    - Middle Welsh: meðu
      - Welsh: meddu
  - Old Irish: midithir
- Proto-Tocharian: *meim^[5]
  - Tocharian A: mem
  - Tocharian B: maim
*méd-tus^[6]^[2]
- Proto-Celtic: *messus^[6]
  - Old Irish: mess (“judgement”)
*med-os ~ *med-es (“measure”)^[7]
- Proto-Italic: *modos
  - Latin: modus (see there for further descendants)
  - Volscian: medix
*mḗd-os ~ *méd-os
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: միտ (mit, “mind, intellect”)
- Proto-Germanic: *mētō (“measure, size”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *metōną^[4] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *metōduz (“god”)^[4]
    - Old English: metod, meted, metud, meotod, meotud
    - Old Saxon: metod
    - Old Norse: mjǫtuðr
- Proto-Hellenic: *mḗdeha
  - Ancient Greek: μήδεα (mḗdea)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *matśi
  - Albanian: mas
- Proto-Germanic: *metaþs (“measure”) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Iranian:
    - Eastern Iranian:
      - Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬨𐬀𐬛 (vīmad, “physician”)
    - Old Persian: [script needed] (azdā, “known”)
    - Western Iranian:
      - Northern Kurdish: pîvan

References

^ Garnier, Romain (2014) “Nouvelles réflexions sur l’effet-Kortlandt”, in Glotta‎^[1] (in French), volume 90, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 140-160
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “medeor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 368
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*med-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 423
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*metan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 367}
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “maim”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 507
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*med-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 261
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “modus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 384

[1] Garnier, Romain (2014) “Nouvelles réflexions sur l’effet-Kortlandt”, in Glotta‎^[1] (in French), volume 90, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 140-160

[De_Vaan_medeor-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “medeor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 368

[LIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*med-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 423

[Kroonen-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*metan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 367}

[Adams_2013-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “maim”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 507

[Matasovic-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*med-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 261

[De_Vaan_modus-7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “modus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 384

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