Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pró
Proto-Indo-European
editEtymology
editFrom *per- (“before”) + *-o (allative suffix).
Adverb
editDerived terms
edit- *pro- (prefix)
- *pró-ti
- *pró-o > *prṓ (with double suffix)[2] or *pro-h₁ (with instrumental suffix)[3]
- *pró-mo-s (“first, leading”)[1][6]
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸromos (“early, soon”)
- Old Irish:
- Middle Irish: rom
- Old Irish:
- Proto-Germanic: *framaz (“forward; forthright”)[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *fram (“forward, from, away”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *framjaną (“to perform, promote, further”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πρόμος (prómos, “leader”)
- Proto-Italic: *promom[3]
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸromos (“early, soon”)
- *pro-k(o)- (“in front”)[8][9][2]
- *pró-pro[10]
- *pro-tero-s (“further”)[1][11][12][2]
- *pro-tm̥mós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰamás
- *pro-tyo-s[2][13]
- Unsorted formations
Descendants
edit- Proto-Anatolian: *prṓ
- Hittite: 𒉺𒊏𒀀 (pa-ra-a /prā/)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pra
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸro (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pró
- Ancient Greek: πρό (pró) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *prá
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pro, prō”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 813-815
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 636ff.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “prō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 489-490
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pro; *pra”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 420
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρώην”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1243-4
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρόμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1237
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*framaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 111
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “procerēs, -um”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 491
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρόκα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1237
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “prope”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 492-493
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρότερος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1240
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pratara-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πρόσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1239
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*frauja(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153